Reinforcing property

The reinforcing properties of asbestos fibers have been widely exploited in asbestos—cement products mosdy for the constmction industry and sanitation (sheets, pipes). Into the 1990s, asbestos—cement products represent by fat (f 70%) the largest industrial consumption of asbestos fibers. 

The primary constituent of practically ah. asbestos—organic friction materials was asbestos fiber, with smah quantities of other fibrous reinforcement material. Asbestos was chosen because of its thermal stabhity, its relatively high friction, and its reinforcing properties. Because asbestos alone did not offer ah of the desked properties, other materials cahed property modifiers were added to provide desked levels of friction, wear, fade, recovery, noise, and rotor compatibihty. A reski bkider held the other materials together. This bkider is not completely neutral and makes contributions to the friction and wear characteristics of the composite. The more commonly used kigredients can be found ki various patents (6—9). 

Jaworski JN, Jones DC (2006) The role of CART in the reward/reinforcing properties of psychostimulants. Peptides 27 1993-2004... 

Johnson BA, Ait-Daoud N, Bowden CL, et al Oral topiramate for rrearment of alcohol dependence a randomised conrrolled trial. Lancet 361 1677—1685, 2003 June HL, Foster KL, McKay PF, er al The reinforcing properties of alcohol are mediared hy GABAj j receptors in rhe venrral pallidum. Neuropsychopharmacology... 

The reinforcing properties measured as M300/M100 are similar for the two vulcanized samples. However, the cured A1 compounds show lower ultimate elongation at break, higher curing rate (T90), and shorter breakdown time (T2), which are the signs of lower adsorption of accelerators on the A1 particles surface. 

Griffiths, RR. Brady, J.V. and Snell, J.D. Relationship between anorectic and reinforcing properties of appetite suppressant drugs Implieations for assessment of abuse liability. Biol Psychiatry 13 283-290, 1978. 

Both amphetamine and cocaine have also been reported to support intracranial self-administration in the mesolimbic/mesocortical dopaminergic system. Rats will self-administer cocaine into the medial prefrontal cortex (Goeders and Smith 1983). while amphetamine is self-administered into the orbitofrontal cortex of rhesus monkeys (Phillips and Rolls 1981) and the nucleus accumbens of rats (Hoebel et al. 1983 Monaco et al. 1981). These data indicate that the mesolimbic/mesocortical dopaminergic system is involved in the initiation of stimulant reinforcement processes, and this work suggests that the region of the nucleus accumbens, more specifically the mesolimbic dopamine system, may be an important substrate for reinforcing properties of several psychomotor stimulant drugs. 

Koob, G.F. Vaccarino, F.J. Amalric, M. and Bloom, F.E. Positive reinforcement properties of drugs Search for neural substrates. In ... 

Slifer, B.L., and Balster, R.L. Reinforcing properties of stereoisomers of the putative sigma agonists N-allylnormetazocine and cyclazocine in Rhesus monkeys, il Pharmacol Fxp Ther 225 522-528, 1983. 

Brady, K.T. Balster, R.L. and Woolverton, W.L. Discriminative stimulus and reinforcing properties of etoxadrol and dexoxadrol in monkeys. J. Pharmacol Exp Ther 220 56 -62, 1982b. 

Psychological aspects of caffeine dependency, to the extent that they occur, may be due to the reinforcing effects of the drug.235-297 In fact, doses as low as 25 mg have been shown to have reinforcing properties.284 Although caffeine may not be as reinforcing as other psychostimulants,163 animal studies have shown that it does have the properties of a positive reinforcer.298... 

Griffiths, R. R., and Woodson, P. P., Reinforcing properties of caffeine studies in humans and laboratory animals. Pharmacol. Blochem. Behav. 1987. 

Picciotto, M.R., Zoli, M., Rimondini, R. et al. Acetylcholine receptors containing the beta2 subunit are involved in the reinforcing properties of nicotine. Nature. 391 173, 1998. 

Kuhar M., Ritz M., Boja J. The dopamine hypothesis of the reinforcing properties of cocaine. Trends Neurosci. 14 299, 1991. 

Schenk S., Valadez A., McNamara C. et al. Development and expression of sensitization to cocaine s reinforcing properties role of NMDA receptors. Psychopharmacology. 111 332, 1993. 

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