Concern categories

Weshare the view that a requirement within the authorisation procedure to substitute substances of very high concern if an acceptable alternative that does not fall into the very high concern category is available has the potential to drive innovation to the benefit of business, human health and the environment. However, to be effective, substitution will require commitment from the total supply chain, not just from producers. 

Type of vendor supplier background Reference financial check conducted Not required Question- naire audit On-site audit annually On-site audit (during each event) 100% testing upon receipt of deliverable Minimal testing upon receipt of deliverable No testing upon receipt of deliverable No history of quality concerns History of quality concerns Category of vendor supplier... 

Polymers which meet the definition of a polymer of low concern are eligible for the new Synthetic Polymers of Low Concern Category. A synthetic polymer of low concern is one which has a Mn >10(X), low charge density, low residual monomer content, does not dissociate readily, has low water solubility, if solid has a particle-size distribution such that <1% of particles have a diameter of <70 pm, is stable under conditions of use, and does not contain reactive functional groups. For these polymers less information is required and applications will be processed within 50 d. 

The contractor and/or the temporary agency employer would be expected to provide general hazard training and information concerning categories of chemicals employees may encounter. Host employers would then be responsible for providing site-specific hazard training as required by the standard. 

But what discriminates the one from the other Where is the line to be drawn, between performance influencing background factor and barrier element With this we re-visit the challenges of barrier management. That is, the challenges concerning categories and classifications. Is culture by definition outside of the control scope Or, is it allowed to appear and potentially affect barrier elements ... 

We conclude this chapter and wrap up the last three chapters with a few remarks about the application of the ideas contained herein to polymer technology. Chapters 2-4 have been concerned with various aspects of the mechanical states of polymers. The opinion was expressed in Chap. 1 that if polymers did not possess the mechanical properties they have, this whole class of compounds might be relegated to the category of laboratory curiosities. On the basis of any number of criteria-the number of scientists employed, the number of industries involved, the number of publications released, the number of patents issued—polymer science proves to be very viable indeed. 

The experimental procedures depend to a large extent on the use to which the explosive is to be put. Comparison is often made to proven explosives of known performance. Many of the most commonly used tests in the various categories of concern are as follows ... 

The effluent standards require two levels of treatment best practicable control technology (BPCT) and best available control technology (BACT). New standards covering additional industries are stiU being issued. Of special concern to the chemical industry are the following Hsted categories ... 

In general, DOT safety regulations fall into two categories. The first pertains to qualifications and hours of service of carrier employees and the safety of transport operations and equipment. The second, of special concern to the chemical industry, pertains to the transportation of hazardous materials and related commodities. 

With the current prevalence of computer Hterature searching, it is relatively easy to accomplish patent searches, especiaUy in Chemicaly hstracts (CAS). In heu of what would be an extensive Ust of patent references to the many appHcations for VP homo- and copolymers, a Ust of the major categories and the number of patents granted in each of them during the period 1989—1995 is given in Table 17. More detail concerning the patents is provided in Reference 27. 

In the broad range of ceramic materials that are used for electrical and electronic apphcations, each category of material exhibits unique property characteristics which directiy reflect composition, processing, and microstmcture. Detailed treatment is given primarily to those property characteristics relating to insulation behavior and electrical conduction processes. Further details concerning the more specialized electrical behavior in ceramic materials, eg, polarization, dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, electrooptic, and magnetic phenomena, are covered in References 1—9. 

Milk. Imitation milks fall into three broad categories filled products based on skim milk, buttermilk, whey, or combinations of these synthetic milks based on soybean products and toned milk based on the combination of soy or groundnut (peanut) protein with animal milk. Few caseinate-based products have been marketed (1,22,23). Milk is the one area where nutrition is of primary concern, especially in the diets of the young. Substitute milks are being made for human and animal markets. In the latter area, the emphasis is for products to serve as milk replacers for calves. The composition of milk and filled-milk products based on skim milk can be found in Table 10. Table 15 gives the composition of a whey /huttermilk-solids-hased calf-milk replacer, which contains carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) for proper viscosity of the product. 

The evolution of our modem society and the concomitant changes in lifestyle, workplace, and housing improvements place concerns about indoor air quality in a different category than for developing countries and from the times of our ancestors. 

The plethora of professional societies now linked to MSE can be divided into three categories - old metallurgical societies, either unregenerate or converted to broader concerns specialised societies, concerned with other particular categories of materials or functions and societies devoted to MSE from the time of their foundation. Beyond this, there are some federations, umbrella organisations that link a number of societies. 

The second category was concerned with adhesion to porous or microfibrous surfaces on metals. Aluminium may be anodised to form an oxide surface comprising pores of diameter of tens of nanometers. Electroforming and chemical oxidation can be used to produce microfibrous or needle-like coatings on metals, including copper, steel and titanium. The substrate topography was demonstrated to play an vital part in adhesion to these surfaces [45-48]. 

De Minimis Limitation. A listed toxic chemical does not have to be considered if it Is present in a mixture at a concentration below a specified de nvnimis level. The de minimis level is 1.0%, or 0.1% if the chemical meets the OSHA carcinogen standard. See Table II for the de minimis value associated with each listed toxic chemical. For mixtures that contain more than one member of a listed chemical category, the de minimis level applies to the aggregate concentration of all such members and not to each individually. EPA included the de minimis exemption In the njle as a burden reducing step, primarily because facilities are not likely to have information on the presence of a chemical in a mixture or trade name product beyond that available in the product s MSDS. The de minimis levels are consistent with OSHA requirements lor development of MSDS information concerning composition. 

The tendency is greatest, however, where pressures are close to atmospheric and "superheat" relative to atmosphere is least. Pipestill atmospheric towers and cat unit fractionators tend to fall in this category. Some operators consider that the likelihood is great that calculated condensation (dew) will coalesce to droplets which will gravitate (rain) when the partial pressure of condensibles at the dew point exceeds 1/3 atmosphere. With this factor and environmental protection in mind, some plants have diverted such releases into closed systems. Generally, however, this has not been of sufficient concern, and such releases have been treated as though they were all vapor. 

This section describes incidents that occurred because of loopholes in the procedure for issuing work permits or because the procedure was not followed. There is no clear distinction between these two categories. Often the procedure does not cover, or seem to cover, all circumstances. Those concerned use this as the reason, or excuse, for a shortcut, as in the following two incidents ... 

Analytical Work. Analytical work performed on pressure vessel explosions can be divided into two main categories. The first attempts to describe shock, and the second is concerned with the thermodynamic process. 

This analysis is applied to each operation at the particular level of the HTA being evaluated. In most cases the analysis is performed at the level of a step, for example. Open valve 27B. For each operation, the analyst considers the likelihood that one or more of the error types set out in classification in Figure 5.7 could occur. This decision is made on the basis of the information supplied by the PIF analysis, and the analyst s knowledge concerning the types of error likely to arise given the nature of the mental and physical demands of the task and the particular configuration of PIFs that exist in the situation. The different error categories are described in more detail below ... 

---