Electrical behavior

Electrical Behavior. The resistivity of acetate varies significantly with humidity with typical values ranging from 10 ohm-cm at 45% rh to 10 ohm-cm at 95% rh (16). Because of the high resistivity both acetate and triacetate yams readily develop static charges and an antistatic finish is usually apphed to aid in fiber processing. Both yams have also been used for electrical insulation after lubricants and other finishing agents are removed. 

R. Bartnikas, "Engineering Dielectrics Vol. II A—Electrical Properties of SoHd Insulating Materials Molecular Stmcture and Electrical Behavior," ASTM Special Technical Publication 783, 1983, Chapts. 1—5, pp. 3—515. 

When electrons are injected as minority carriers into a -type semiconductor they may diffuse, drift, or disappear. That is, their electrical behavior is determined by diffusion in concentration gradients, drift in electric fields (potential gradients), or disappearance through recombination with majority carrier holes. Thus, the transport behavior of minority carriers can be described by a continuity equation. To derive the p—n junction equation, steady-state is assumed, so that = 0, and a neutral region outside the depletion region is assumed, so that the electric field is zero. Under these circumstances,... 

In the broad range of ceramic materials that are used for electrical and electronic apphcations, each category of material exhibits unique property characteristics which directiy reflect composition, processing, and microstmcture. Detailed treatment is given primarily to those property characteristics relating to insulation behavior and electrical conduction processes. Further details concerning the more specialized electrical behavior in ceramic materials, eg, polarization, dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, electrooptic, and magnetic phenomena, are covered in References 1—9. 

The contrast in knowledge is a result of the degree of complexity of materials properties elastic piezoelectric solids have perhaps the least complex behaviors, whereas ferroelectric solids have perhaps the most complex mechanical and electrical behaviors of any solid under shock compression. This complexity is further compounded by the strong coupling between electrical and mechanical states. Unfortunately, much of the work studying ferroelectrics appears to have underestimated the difficulty, and it has not been possible to carry out careful, long range, systematic efforts required to develop an improved picture. 

Given the complications of strongly nonlinear mechanical and electrical behaviors in a strongly coupled mode along with electrical conduction effects, it is not difficult to appreciate why the physical processes are poorly understood. 

These particles exert force at a distance on each other in accordance with the electrical behavior we have observed. 

At this point a Danish physicist, Niels Bohr, decided to take a fresh start. In effect, he faced the fact that an explanation is a search for likenesses between a system under study and a well-understood model system. An explanation is not good unless the likenesses are strong. Niels Bohr suggested that the mechanical and electrical behavior of macroscopic bodies is not a completely suitable model for the hydrogen atom. He pro-... 

Electrical Behavior of Langmuir-Blodgett Films Containing C60 and Derivatives... 

Juhen C, Hatzikraniotis E, Chevy A, Kambas K (1985) Electrical behavior of Lithium... 

In a practical sense, stability of a dispersion ofttimes is accompanied by a retarded separation of the phases. Unfortunately, a quantitative definition cannot be based on this rate of separation because of the overwhelming influence of density, viscosity, and thermal effects. In short, a kinetic criterion, such as sedimentation rate, is not as likely to portray stability as one based on thermodynamic considerations. In this latter category are sediment volumes, turbidity, consistency, and electrical behavior. 

The electrical DC and AC response of compacts of ligand-stabilized nanoclusters also reflects the electrical behavior of the 3D system [21]. At high temperature, i.e. several tens of Kelvin below room temperature, the temperature dependent DC and AC conductivity follows a simply activated behavior according to the... 

Having covered the chemical behavior of electrolytes, the text is now directed to their electrical behavior. The importance of the chemical and the electrical behaviors of electrolytes in galvanics and electrolytics hardly needs any elaboration. The term galvanics, used here, implies the generation of electrical energy directly from a spontaneous chemical reaction. 

The elucidation of the electrical behavior of electrolytes owes much to Arrhenius, who was the originator of the theory of electrolytic dissociation, generally, known as the ionic theory. 

Seizures originate in a group of neurons which do not have normal electrical behavior.12 Individual neuronal firing is prolonged and repetitive. This long, abnormal depolarization is called a paroxysmal depolarizing shift (PDS). 

Rojo, V., Guardiola, J., and Vian, A., A capacitor model to interpret the electric behavior of fluidized beds. Influence of apparatus geometry, Chem. Engrg. Sci., 41 2171-2181 (1986)... 

Itoh H, Yamamoto T, and Mori M. Configurational and electrical behavior of Ni-YSZ cermet with novel microstructure for solid oxide fuel cell anodes. J Electrochem 5ocl997 144 641-646. 

Electrical applications silicon carbide in, 22 539 silver in, 22 658 Electrical behavior... 

The preceding sections described molecular interactions important in organic solar cells. This section discusses the impact of those interactions on the overall device behavior. Simulated electrical behavior for a typical solar cell is illustrated in Fig. 10. Under forward bias voltages 0 < V < Vqo typical photovoltaic device under illumination supplies power (P = / x V) to the external circuit (cf. lower panel of Fig. 10, dashed trace in first quadrant). The formalism used here implies that, under reverse bias, the organic material is reduced at the anode and oxidized at the cathode, while, under forward bias, the organic material is oxidized at the anode and reduced at the cathode. The short circuit current, J c, is approximately equal to... 

Fig. 10 Simulated solar cell electrical behavior in the dark dotted traces) and under illumination (solid traces) comparing the effect of the saturation current parameter 7 on Foe- The black traces represent a device with /g x 10 that of the device represented by the red traces. The sharp inflection points in the semilog plots (upper panel) are the points where the current switches from positive to negative. Also illustrated in the linear representation (lower panel) are the short circuit current density, J c, and the maximum output power, Fmax. given by the product of current and voltage. The blue arrows represent the point at which the dark current and the current under illumination are equal in magnitude. The corresponding potential marked in blue on the voltage axis is Foe for the black trace...

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