Commercialization of federal

Federal Policy Concerns Regarding Commercialization of Federally Funded R D... 

Assessing the Government Role in the Commercialization of Federally Fimded R D... 

This paper focuses on research approaches and methods used to assess the effectiveness of government programs that are Intended to achieve these objectives. The overriding purpose of this paper is to discuss the research methods that have been or might be used to best advantage in assessing policy issues associated with the commercialization of Federally funded R D. This paper begins by... 

In order to obtain current thinking, experience, and comments relating to the commercialization of federally funded R D, the Division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry of the American Chemical Society sponsored a symposium on this topic The Commercialization of Federally Funded R D during the National meeting held in Miami Beach, Florida. 

The participants in this symposium were selected because they represented either government or nongovernment organizations, and because they were involved directly in the problem of commercialization of federally funded R D. 

Chen, P. S., Testimony on the Commercialization of Federal Laboratory Technology Before the Subcommittee Regulation, Business Opportunities and Energy, Committee on Small Business, House of Representatives, U.S. Congress, Washington, DC, October 5, 1989. 

EPA. 2000d. Discarded commercial chemical products, off-specification species, container residues, and spill residues thereof. Code of Federal Regulations. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Http //www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx 00/40cfr302 OO.html. January 15,2001. 

There are many different molecular mechanics force fields available. Many of them were originally developed in academic laboratories to solve specific problems. For example, some were designed to handle small molecules while others were developed to deal with protein structures. Today, the original demarcation between macromolcules and small molecules has become blurred, and they now are commercially available. Initially, many molecular mechanics programs were distributed at nominal costs, but due to the lack of federal funding for most molecular mechanics... 

The term solid waste is a very comprehensive term that can be difficult to dehne precisely. The United States Code of Federal Regulations (Chapter 1, Part 261, of Title 40) provides the legal dehnition. That document dehnes solid wastes rather simply as "any discarded material that is not excluded by other provisions of the chapter. Those provisions refer primarily to liquid wastes, such as sludge and domestic wastewater. The U.S. Army provides a somewhat more detailed definition of the term "any garbage, refuse, sludge, or other discarded material resulting from industrial, commercial, institutional, and residential activity. Discarded materials include those that are disposed of, abandoned, recycled, or are inherently waste-like. ... 

Exposure limits for specific activities have been further limited. For example. Appendix I, Title 10, Part 50, Code of Federal R ula-tions recommends a design limit of 0.1 mSv )r (10 mrem jr ) for the maximum calculated radiation dose to any one organ in an individual at the site boundary of a commercial light water nuclear power plant (NRC, 1984). 

C) Moisture Content(max 0.25%)- Det moist by the Method 3001.5 of Federal Specification VV-L—791e(1953), with the exception that 75 ml of commercial toluene which has been previously dried over CaCI2 and redistilled, is used as the diluent. The same results may be obtained by using the method for moisture detn under Ammonium Nitrate, Analytical Procedures... 

In 1983, an Executive Order extended the coverage of the Bayh-Dole Act to all government contractors. The Act also granted federal agencies the right to offer exclusive or coexclusive licenses to patents on inventions made by laboratory employees considered necessary for the commercialization of the invention. 

TSCA Toxic Substances Control Act, a set of federal regulations governing the commercial use of chemicals. 

David Mowery Many of the points you suggest are among the drivers. Federal funding for biomedical research has increased in real terms at a rate of about 7 percent per year for approximately the past 30 years. That cannot be said about many other areas of federal funding for academic research. But there are major scientific advances that, as you suggest, have revolutionized the field and, very importantly, this is an area in which the scientific frontier is arguably closer to commercially attractive applications than many other areas of research. 

David Schetter, University of California, Irvine Dr. Mowery, is it not the case that, prior to the Bayh-Dole Act in 1980, the universities were not allowed to own the results of federally funded research, and that a primary impetus of Bayh-Dole was to create an incentive for universities to commercialize federally funded research Second, if that is the basis of Bayh-Dole, do you have any data to determine whether or not it has achieved its goal ... 

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