Laboratories, federal

Ihnzhaldenstrassc 19, Wald, Switzerland (formerly Swiss federal Laboratories for Materials Test iiii-and Research, EMPA)... 

The EPA should also consider creating a national "Center for Engineering Research on Environmental Protection and Process Safety" that would provide both unique state-of-the-art laboratory facilities and computational resources to chemical and process engineering researchers from academia, federal laboratories, and industry. 

A variety of support mechanisms for carrying out such research could be envisioned that would include sponsorship of individttal research projects in academia or federal laboratories, where appropriate a DOE eqrrivalent of the NSF Engineering Research Centers, but with more cooperative involvement from industry and stimrrlation by DOE of industrial cortsortia both to carry out joint research among companies on nonproprietary topics and to support relevant research in academia. The... 

One of the primary requirements for methods is that it be practicable [Section 512(b)(1)(G)]. A method that cannot be used in Federal laboratories has no value in the protection of the food supply. Method developers should avoid the use of rare or custom-made equipment, prohibitively expensive equipment, untested technologies, or reagents that are not commercially available. For a determinative procedure, an analysis should not exceed two working days, and methods should have a minimum sample throughput of at least six samples per analyst-day. 

The FDA coordinates the method trial process for non-NADA methods. The sample requirements are the same as for the NADA trials. Non-Federal laboratories such as contract laboratories and State laboratories can participate in the process. For a single-residue method, the minimum numbers of samples and laboratories are the same as for NADA method trials. 

The ECL evaluates analytical methods for detecting pesticide residues in the environment to ensure that the methods are suitable for monitoring pesticide residues in soil and water. State, tribal and federal laboratories may access an Index of Environmental Chemistry Methods for a list of available methods. The ECL also provides the State pesticide laboratories with technical and QA support and training in pesticide analytical chemistry. 

Wager P, Schluep M, Muller E (2010) RoHS substances in mixed plastics from WEEE. E. Technology society lab, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology. St. Gallen... 

Research on SOFC is concentrated at Sulzer Hexis, in close collaboration with the Federal Laboratory for Materials Research and the Federal Institutes of Technology Zurich and Lausanne. 

Because FDA laboratories typically use more sensitive test methods than industry, samples of oral liquids in which manufacturers report microbiological counts well within limits may be found unacceptable by the federal laboratories. This result requires upgrading the sensitivity of testing procedures. 

To have a network of laboratories at the top of a trace-ability system for chemical measurements instead of just the national metrology institute seems to be a requirement typical of metrology in chemistry and is under consideration in many industrialized countries, because the competence for chemical analysis in most countries (except U.S.A.) largely lies outside the domain of the metrology institutes. Another example that underpins this view is the development of metrology in chemistry in Switzerland, where the Swiss Federal Office of Metrology and Accreditation (METAS) and the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research (EMPA) jointly provide the national references for chemical measurements [2]. 

Given the breadth of forensic science and the varying demands on the criminalistics laboratory, it is not surprising that there is a wide variation in the quality and capability of different laboratories. Limited analyses may be possible at the local level, whereas at regional (e.g., county, state) and federal laboratories sophisticated analytical capabilities may exist. 

Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research,... 

As late as 1984, scientists David McGrath and Davor Solter wrote in the journal Science, The cloning of mammals by simple nuclear transfer is biologically impossible. That assertion has been proven false, and since that date sheep, mice, cows, monkeys—a virtual menagerie of mammals—have been cloned. A moratorium on the cloning of humans has been enforced by law and by intimidation. Yet the announcement of the first true human clone— from somatic cell and egg cell fusion to embryonic birth—is only a question of time. Whether it occurs in a federal laboratory or in a private clinic, it will happen. 

The Bayh-Dole and Stevenson-Wydler acts of 1980 created new incentives for universities and federal laboratories to work with industry on R D and technology transfer. Stevenson-Wydler also authorized NSF s experimental program in University-Industry Cooperative Research Centers and gave the Department of Commerce the authority (never exercised) to fund Cooperative Technology Centers to help industry with research. The National Cooperative Research Act of 1984 provided a safe haven for industrial research consortia to help them avoid challenge under the antitrust statutes. 

Thus, by the early 1980s, cooperation in R D among firms, as well as between universities, industry, and federal laboratories, had begun to be viewed as quite normal and reasonable, although the number of participants was still relatively limited. 

One popular interpretation of the competitiveness crisis was that U.S. firms were not able to transform the results of R D into marketable products quickly enough, especially as compared with Japan. Following this diagnosis, the prescription was to find quicker and more effective ways for industry to exploit the results of research at universities and in the federal laboratories, as well as the results from the companies own fundamental research labs. 

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