Residential activities

The term solid waste is a very comprehensive term that can be difficult to dehne precisely. The United States Code of Federal Regulations (Chapter 1, Part 261, of Title 40) provides the legal dehnition. That document dehnes solid wastes rather simply as "any discarded material that is not excluded by other provisions of the chapter. Those provisions refer primarily to liquid wastes, such as sludge and domestic wastewater. The U.S. Army provides a somewhat more detailed definition of the term "any garbage, refuse, sludge, or other discarded material resulting from industrial, commercial, institutional, and residential activity. Discarded materials include those that are disposed of, abandoned, recycled, or are inherently waste-like. ... 

The duty of care extends to after-school activities and clubs, off-site activities including schools trips and residential activities (see Thomas, Chapter 8) when they are engaged in authorised school activities elsewhere (DFE/TPCD, 1995, 35.7) and may be 24 hours a day throughout an entire journey. The duty can only be put aside when responsibility is reasonably delegated to others. Additionally, a teacher owes a duty of care where a child is allowed out of school before the end of the day. In the case of Barnes v. Hampshire County Council (1969) it was held that the teacher and the LEA were liable as the child was allowed out of school before her mother arrived and was subsequently injured. The judge considered that an accident of this type was foreseeable, as the teacher knew the time the crossing patrol was available. This reminds us of teachers responsibility for the welfare, upbringing and education of the pupils in their care, in particular, of the need to be constantly mindful for the pupils health and safety. 

At the Taylor Road landfill (originally intended for the disposal of municipal refuse only), unknown quantities of hazardous wastes from industrial and residential sources were deposited. During the period when the landfill was active, soil and groundwater samples collected at the site were found to contain concentrations of volatile organic compounds and metals above acceptable safe drinking water standards. Analysis of samples collected from private drinking water wells indicated that contamination... 

Home Water Treatment Using Activated Carbon - Michigan State University Extension MSU Extension Water Quality Bulletins - WQ239201 07/14/97 Home Water Treatment Using Activated Carbon Introduction Activated carbon (AC) filters. Useful site for residential applications in water purification, http //www.msue.msu.edu/imp/modwq/wq2392... 

The main standards for comfortable thermal environment are ISO EN 7730 and ASHRAE 55-92. The research that forms the basis for these two standards is mainly performed under environmental conditions similar to those for commercial and residential buildings, with activity levels of 1 to 2 met, normal indoor clothing (0.5 to 1.0 do), and a limited range of environmental parameters. 

Further involvement by the typical industrial or commercial utility customer, both large and small, was stimulated by time-of-day price incentives. Encouragement was provided in the form of reduced rates if use of electricity was shifted from peak periods of the day to off-peak or shoulder-peak periods. Even the residential customer was invited to participate in load shifting with price incentives or rewards. A popular example of the day was encouraging the household laundi y activity to be moved to late-night hours. This suggestion was met with vaiying enthusiasm. 

Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) have attracted great interest as a primary power source for electric vehicles or residential co-generation systems. However, both the anode and cathode of PEFCs usually require platinum or its alloys as the catalyst, which have high activity at low operating temperatures (<100 °C). For large-scale commercialization, it is very important to reduce the amount of Pt used in fuel cells for reasons of cost and limited supply. 

A survey of Big Trees Park was conducted in 1998 after soil samples taken in the park in 1993 and 1995 revealed higher-than-expected concentrations of plutonium (LLNL 1999). Big Trees Park is a public park in the city of Livermore, California located about one-half mile from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The pattern of241 Am distribution was the same as that for plutonium with levels significantly higher inside ornamental tree wells than outside the wells or at depths. Activity levels were well below EPA s residential preliminary remediation goal of 2.5 pCi/g (93 mBq/g) which may have necessitated cleanup. The source of the contamination was most likely sewage sludge from LLNL that was applied to the ornamental trees in the park. 

Site control at roads and residential areas will include at least the following activities ... 

In theory, the application of radon barriers should be adequate to avoid elevated radon levels in houses. In practice, however, a backup radon mitigation system has been found essential for maintaining indoor radon concentrations below 4 pCi/L in most homes studied. In the recent radon-resistant residential construction projects conducted by U.S. EPA and/or private builders, several of the homes designed to be radon resistant have contained radon concentrations above 4 pCi/L. In each of those houses, a backup system consisting of an active (fan-assisted), or passive (wind-and-stack-effect-assisted), SSD system was installed at the time of construction. When mechanical barriers failed to adequately control radon, the soil depressurization methods were made operational. 

McConnell, M.A., V.M.S. Ramanujam, N.W. Alcock, G.J. Gabehart, and W.W. Au. 1998. Distribution of uranium-238 in environmental samples from a residential area impacted by mining and milling activities. Environ. Toxicol. Client. 17 841-850. 

Sanitary sewer network sanitary sewers—often identified as separate sewers — are developed to collect and transport wastewater from residential areas, commercial areas and industries. The wastewater transported in these sewers typically has a relatively high concentration of biodegradable organic matter and is therefore biologically active. Wastewater in these sewers is, from a process point of view, a mixture of biomass (especially heterotrophic bacteria) and substrate for this biomass. 

Research and development activities regarding fuel-cell units for the residential sector can be located all over the world. In Japan, 400 lkW fuel-cell systems were tested in 2005 (see Fig. 13.7). But intense attention is also being paid to these applications in the United States, China and Korea. 

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