Federal grants

In 1983, an Executive Order extended the coverage of the Bayh-Dole Act to all government contractors. The Act also granted federal agencies the right to offer exclusive or coexclusive licenses to patents on inventions made by laboratory employees considered necessary for the commercialization of the invention. 

In two articles on September 25, 2000 by both Reuters News and USA Today came reports that 54 percent of the experts the FDA asks for advice on which medicines should be approved for sale had a direct financial interest in the drugs or topics they were evaluating. These financial conflicts or interest typically include stock ownership, consulting fees or research grants. Federal law prohibits the FDA from using experts with financial conflicts of interest, but the FDA has waived the restriction more than 800 times since 1998. The USA Today article stated, "These pharmaceutical experts, about 300 on 18 advisory committees, make decisions that affect the health of millions of Americans and billions of dollars in drugs sales. With few exceptions, the FDA follows the committees advice."... 

Granted federal government power of seizure of misbranded or adulterated drugs... 

Because the chemical stmcture of poly(phenylene sulfide) [9016-75-5] (PPS) does not fall into any of the standard polymer classes, the Federal Trade Commission granted the fiber the new generic name of Sulfar. The fiber has excellent chemical and high temperature performance properties (see... 

The printed pubHshed document which represents the patent rights granted by the Federal Government can be a complex Hterary work. There are specific and rigid legal requirements for the description, disclosure, and definiteness which support these affirmative rights and enable enforcement of those rights by the inventor or owner of the patent. The basis for this fiiU and complete disclosure of the invention in the patent is clearly articulated in the U.S. Constitution. 

The work was supported by the president s of Russian Federation grant MK-3184.2004.3. 

This research is supported by the Grant of the President of Russian Federation Scientific Schools No. 1763.2003.03. 

The states are required to submit to the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) plans, known as State Implementation Plans (SIP), showing how they will achieve the standards in their jurisdictions within a specified time period. If after that time period there are areas within the states where these standards have not been attained, the states are required to submit and obtain EPA approval of revised plans to achieve the standards in these "nonattainment" areas. EPA also designates certain areas where the standards are being met, but which have the potential for future nonattainment, as Air Quality Maintenance Areas (AQMA). Such regions have stricter requirements than attainment areas for the granting of permits for new sources of the pollutant not in attainment status. 

EPA has 45 days to review each permit and to object to permits that violate the CAAA. If EPA fails to object to a permit that violates the Act or the implementation plan, any person may petition EPA to object within 60 days following EPA s 45-day review period, and EPA must grant or deny the permit within 60 days. Judicial review of EPA s decision on a citizen s petition can occur in the federal court of appeals. The public is guaranteed the right to inspect and review all permit applicahons and documents. There are provisions for three kinds of permit revisions administrative amendment, minor permit modification, and significant modification. 

To consolidate the environmental protection acth -ities of the federal government, the Environmental Protection Agency was formed on December 2, 1970 from three federal Departments, three Administrations, three Bureaus, and several other offices. The mission of EPA was to collect data on pollution, conduct research on the adverse effects of pollution, and through grants and technical assistance, develop methods for controlling it. 

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other federal, state and local authorities govern security of supply in relation to quantity for surface and groundwater by the granting of an abstraction license. The license limits the total daily quantity and the rate at which the waters may be abstracted, taking account of the natural resource and the needs of other abstractors. Metered water supply is subject to contract with the water companies, who may impose quantity and draw-off rate limitations. The limitations imposed by the license or contract may influence plant location. 

An Act establishes the broad legal requirements pertaining to a particular topic and grants powers of enforcement to the relevant Government Minister. An Act will also usually confer power on the Minister to issue further detailed regulations that enable practical application and enforcement of the Act. Such regulations are issued in the form of Statutory Instruments in Europe or additions to the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) in the US. 

This study was supported by the grant of the Russian Federation Ministry of Education and Science P339. 

We wish to thank the Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry/FEDER grant number BQU2005-0899C03-01. 

Primacy granted Primacy under consideration Wells under federal regulation No wells or primacy... 

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