Commercial Tools

A number of proprietary software programs are available for 2D stracture creation and manipulation. In fact, all commercial software programs in the field of che-moinformatics and/or bioinformatics supply a drawing tool to the users. 

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Free as well as commercial tools that support the Catalysis development and modeling techniques... 

There, in alphabetical order, commercial tools are provided by e.g. 

Structure representation and chemistry intelligence engine As described, commercial tools are available and there is no need to reinvent the wheel. Plus, developing these tools requires significant domain expertise and resources. However, influencing the tool vendors to continually improve their products is a good idea. 

Unfortunately, most of these tools are extremely expensive, and are fairly complex to deploy, requiring a database backend for alert storage. Surprisingly, they also have limited correlation capabilities, only providing a dozen or so rules as example for the development of environment-specific correlation rules. They should be viewed as a development framework for writing correlation rules. Since our correlation needs are very diverse, we could not find a platform that would allow us to run multiple correlation processes in parallel, from dynamic statistical analysis to vulnerability assessment. Also, manipulation of contextual data with interfaces to the inventory and configuration databases of the companies, was a strong requirement that no commercial tool satisfied at the time we launched the project. 

Computational fluid dynamics were used to describe the flow which undergoes a fast transition from laminar (at the fluid outlets) to turbulent (in the large mixing chamber) [41]. Using the commercial tool FLUENT, the following different turbulence models were applied a ke model, an RNC-ki model and a Reynolds-stress model. For the last model, each stream is solved by a separate equation for the two first models, two-equation models are applied. To have the simulations at... 

Qualitative, numerical simulations were performed with the commercial tool FLUENT-5 to evaluate mixing efficiency [2], The simulations were oriented on concepts employed for conventional 3-D static mixing. The micro-mixer geometries were laid out using the GAMBIT predecessor as well as the meshing of surfaces and volumes and the specification of boundary conditions. Entrance and exit sections were also simulated. 

The emphasis on presentation in many of the original tags (such as fonts, colors, and layout) muddled the separation of content from style. The World Wide Web Consortium soon developed technologies (CSS, or cascading style sheets, and XSL, or extensible stylesheet language more information on this and other XML issues is available at http //www.w3c. org/) to help overcome this problem, but as with HTML, CSS is variably implemented in most browsers. Most commercial tools for authoring HTML emphasize presentation or interactivity (to capture the reader s attention), and in such HTML, the content is subservient to the style. 

The UIMA initiative launched by IBM has the potential to facilitate the construction of complex document analysis workflows. Services from academic laboratories as well as commercial tools could be integrated in one workflow as long as all tools can work with the standardized common analysis structure. A growing number of academic research groups and commercial development teams are adopting UIMA we therefore expect to have a growing number of UIMA annotator services available in the public domain and in commercial solutions built on UIMA. 

FIGURE 6.8 (a) Blanket copper polishing data from a commercial tool, (b) Pad thermal data from both blanket and patterned wafer... 

There are numerous commercial tools available to realign floppy drive read/ write heads. They use a floppy drive that has been preformatted to reposition the mechanical arm. In most cases, though, this fix is temporary—the arm will just move out of place again fairly soon. Given the inexpensive nature of the problem, the best solution is to spend a few dollars and replace the drive. 

Most research work on the use of supercritical water has been conducted batchwise and involved non-analytical determinative applications. Thus, supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) was proposed as an alternative treatment for hazardous waste disposal [191] and also as a commercial tool for decomposing trichloroethylene, dimethyl sulphoxide and isopropyl alcohol on a pilot plant scale [192]. Current commercially available equipment (the aqua Critox" system) is usable with industrial and municipal sludge, mixed (radioactive and organic, liquid and solid) waste and military waste. This commercially available treatment has a number of advantages, namely (a) because it uses an on-site treatment method, it avoids the need to transport hazardous materials (b) it ensures complete destruction of organic wastes and allows reuse of the effluent as process water with results that meet the regulations for drinking water and (c) no licence for effluent or air emissions is needed. 

More sophisticated approaches to predict the extent of oral absorption of drugs use mathematical models based on the known physiology and utilizing simple physicochemical measurements as input. The GastroPlus [4] program is a commercial tool that utilizes an advanced compartmental and transit model, based on the work of Amidon and Yu [5], and allows what-if questions to be posed to enable pharmaceutical optimization (see Chapter 17). For instance, the impact of morphology, formulation, and/or particle size changes, and sensitivity analysis to include errors in parameters on the prediction, can be considered. 

Within the IMPROVE project various commercial tools like CAE tools, simulators and model builders are employed for the support of the design and construction of a chemical plant. As a prototypical example of a-posteriori process integration, we have developed a fully process-integrated flowsheet editor extending a commercial CAE tool [21]. In the following, we present the motivation behind its integration, as well as some details of its technical realization. 

With the second level of tool interaction control), we introduce the notion of loose process integration. Loose process integration corresponds to the most often addressed case of commercial tools that restrict their external interactions to those of service invocation and notifications for tool events. Such tools provide service invocation (Al) and feedback information (A2) APIs (Table 3.1), but they provide no means for extending their user interface with new command elements (A3), or increasing their process sensitivity by highlight product shapes or command elements and returning feedback concerning their selection (A4, A5 and A6). 

The reorganization of a tool s internal structure requires access to of the tool s source code. In the case of commercial tools this code is usually not available. Therefore, an internal reengineering of the tool is not possible. The existing tool can only be encapsulated by a software component called wrapper [972] in order to adapt it with respect to the needs of integration. 

Furthermore, the parsing result can be visualized using the commercial tool Ra-... 

The transfer into industry aims at the realization of an integrated, industrial management support system built up from existing tools. An AHEAD-like system is positioned on top of commercial tools as sketched in Figs. 7.21 and 7.22. 

Instead, AHEAD and the commercial tools are synergistically combined into a coherent overall system in a bottom-up fashion resulting in two advantages (1) The commercial tools are embedded in a dynamic process environment. Thus, their functionality can be used in a coordinated manner to achieve new and advanced objectives. (2) AHEAD is extended with new functionality assembled from the commercial tools functions. This avoids the need to re-implement already existing functionality offered by these tools. By the integration of commercial tools, the AHEAD system can be successfully embedded into the industrial technical and managerial overall environment. 

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