Draw Tool

The commercial 2D structure editor. Chemistry 4D-Draw, from Chemlnnovativc Software Inc., includes two additional special modules besides conventional chemical drawing tools. NamExpert provides the interpretation ofa compound name according to the lUPAC nomenclature to create the corresponding chemical structure. The latter can be represented in three different styles the shorthand. Kckulc. or semi-structural formula. In contrast to NamExpert, the Nomenclature module assigns lUPAC names to drawn structures. 

Different systems may require different protocols to obtain one of many possible graphs, and several protocols in one system often achieve the same result. At entry level, all this may seem a bit bewildering, but to anyone who has struggled with mechanical drawing tools to make a simple line drawing like Fig. 1-8, SigmaPlot seems a miracle. 

Computer-aided design (CAD) solutions (drawing tools)... 

Using the drawing tools in ProPred, remove the OH group connection from the molecular structure at the two locations (as shown in Figure 4c). 

This is an advanced topic. We assume that the reader has already mastered creating schematics with Capture, running PSpice simulations, and plotting with Probe. All we will cover here is how to use the hierarchical tools. We will use many of the drawing tools covered earlier in this chapter without much explanation. 

Figure 14.11. Construction of biopolymer with HyperChem. Two menus are available for creating 3D structure models in HyperChem. The Build menu provides tools for creating organic molecules. Use the Drawing tool to sketch atoms in a molecule and connect them with covalent bonds. Invoke the Model builder to create a 3D structure from the 2D sketch. The Databases menu offers tools for creating biopolymers from residues with user specified linkages and conformations—that is, polysaccharides from monosaccharides, polypeptides form amino acids, and polynucleotides from nucleotides. A double-stranded DNA chain, for example, is constructed from nucleotide residues in a desired conformation (the inset).

Turn on the draw tool in HyperChem and set the default atom to nitrogen by either double clicking on the draw tool or by selecting Default Element under the Build menu and then choosing nitrogen from the periodic table that appears. 

The spreadsheet was created with Microsoft Excel . The values and formulas were first entered, and then the line and rectangle drawing tools were used to create the flowchart. For clarity, most grid lines are not shown. 

Other examples of typical searches allowed by SciFinder include search by authors name, as with Professor K. Barry Sharpless shown in Fig. A.6. Search by structure is also possible, such as the one shown in Fig. A.7, and the program provides drawing tools. SciFinder then searches to finds matches based on structure or reachon. 

It is also possible to using the drawing tools to search by reaction and reaction type. SciFinder returns reaction information, such as that shown in Fig. A. 8. In... 

Fig. A.7. Screen shot for beginning a search by structure, using the drawing tools.

Fig. A.8. Screen shot of results for a search hy reaction, using the drawing tools.

From the work context window, the user may activate design tools for operating on the documents contained in the workspace. Here, the user invokes a flowsheet editor [21] in order to insert reaction alternatives into the flowsheet for the Polyamide-6 process. The flowsheet editor, which was also developed in the IMPROVE project, is based on MS Visio, a commercial drawing tool, which was integrated with the PRIME process engine [371]. 

This tool, the Workflow Modeling System WOMS, was developed in parallel with the further elaboration of the modeling procedure and the C3 language. WOMS is based on the commercial drawing tool Visio [845]. The... 

Jpeg file this file is generated from the CT file using the freely distributed drawing tool Naview (11). It contains a graphical two-dimensional representation of the secondary structure. 

For measurements of lateral diffusion on the membrane, it is especially important to use the same bleach size for each experiment to allow for direct comparisons between data sets and to facilitate data analysis. Most software programs will allow the user to either copy and paste the ROI from one cell to another or permit one to type in the exact specifications of the bleach region. Often, the ROI specifications are measured in pixels therefore, it is imperative to always use the same zoom parameters before photobleaching to maintain consistent bleach data. For selective photobleaching of an entire compartment or organelle, a freehand drawing tool may be required to outline the ROI. 

For FRAP of the membrane, use a freehand drawing tool to create the ROl. This allows you to create the appropriate ROl when there are significant curves along the cell perimeter. However, to maintain consistency, you should maintain the maximum width along the membrane constant at 4.5 pm and the average depth below and above the membrane between 1 and 1.5 pm depending on how much the cell moved before bleaching. 

A second performance-based design objective is to apply HCI resources to optimize the resources the user needs to perform the appHcation task. Many of the objects, actions, and information with which the user interacts are appHcation-task-specific. Organization and representation decisions should be based on these task-specific requirements. For example, if the appHcation task involves drawing, the user needs general software and hardware drawing tools and devices. 

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