Strong requirement

Neural network classifiers. The neural network or other statistical classifiers impose strong requirements on the data and the inspection, however, when these are fulfilled then good fully automatic classification systems can be developed within a short period of time. This is for example the case if the inspection is a part of a manufacturing process, where the inspected pieces and the possible defect mechanisms are well known and the whole NDT inspection is done in repeatable conditions. In such cases it is possible to collect (or manufacture) as set of defect pieces, which can be used to obtain a training set. There are some commercially available tools (like ICEPAK [Chan, et al., 1988]) which can construct classifiers without any a-priori information, based only on the training sets of data. One has, however, always to remember about the limitations of this technique, otherwise serious misclassifications may go unnoticed. 

Regulation governing process safety varies dramatically outside the United States. Several European countries have strong requirements calling for safety analysis of new projects, while other countries have no process safety regulation at all. 

The uniformity of the layer thickness is a strong requirement in order to get high quality wavefront surfaces. It is controlled thanks to a mask with... 

Among various enzyme immobilization protocols, entrapment in polymer membranes is a general one for a variety of transducers. Formation of a membrane from a solution of already synthesized polymer is simpler and reproducible compared to chemical polymerization. The simplicity of this immobilization procedure should provide reproducibility for the resulting biosensors the latter is strongly required for mass production. 

Presently, more than 98 % of the hydrogen gas consumed by the industries are provided by reforming coal, naphtha, and natural gas, and will be unable to bear the future demand [7], It is strongly required to supply the hydrogen produced from water by renewable energy... 

In this connection let us remark that in spite of several efforts, the relation between Lyapounov exponents, correlations decay, diffusive and transport properties is still not completely clear. For example a model has been presented (Casati Prosen, 2000) which has zero Lyapounov exponent and yet it exhibits unbounded Gaussian diffusive behavior. Since diffusive behavior is at the root of normal heat transport then the above result (Casati Prosen, 2000) constitutes a strong suggestion that normal heat conduction can take place even without the strong requirement of exponential instability. 

The deficiencies of measuring the surface areas by the BET method are overcome in comparative methods (CMs) [3,61,62], known in the literature by their modifications s method by Sing [53,63], t method by Lippens-de Boer [2,64], / method by Gregg [65], t/f method by Kadlec-Dubinin [66,67], micropoie analysis (MP) method by Brunauer [68], etc. All of these variants are based on comparison of a measured AI with the reference (or standard) AI (RAI). Obviously, both AI and RAI should be measured under similar conditions, that is, usually N2 at 77 K in some specific range of P/P0, which is determined by the nature of the studied material. There are numerous variants of RAI, measured on standards, but there are strong requirements to the choice of a standard it should have no micro- and mesopores, surface modification, and one should be able to measure its surface area by means of independent methods, at least by the BET method. 

I distinguish between freedom of action and freedom of the will, and I argue that freedom of the will requires critical, reflective, rational self-governance. To possess critical, reflective, rational self-governance, we need to satisfy strong requirements upon attitudes to value in time. 

In the foreseeable future a strong requirement for gas supply to Europe from new sources, including those of the Caspian region, is likely to occur. In Europe the Caspian gas will have to compete primarily with the established suppliers. At the same time the North Sea reserves will be on decline. The pipelines for supply of the Algerian gas through Morocco and Tunisia have limited capacity. LNG imports from the Middle East and Africa will reach their limits. And Russia will face significant difficulties in developing new reserves in Siberia and the Barents Sea [24,25],... 

Unfortunately, most of these tools are extremely expensive, and are fairly complex to deploy, requiring a database backend for alert storage. Surprisingly, they also have limited correlation capabilities, only providing a dozen or so rules as example for the development of environment-specific correlation rules. They should be viewed as a development framework for writing correlation rules. Since our correlation needs are very diverse, we could not find a platform that would allow us to run multiple correlation processes in parallel, from dynamic statistical analysis to vulnerability assessment. Also, manipulation of contextual data with interfaces to the inventory and configuration databases of the companies, was a strong requirement that no commercial tool satisfied at the time we launched the project. 

Time dependence The inherent time dependence of fires sets strong requirements for computational efficiency. In RANS models, the radiation field must be updated within the internal iterations of the time step, but the computational cost can be relaxed by solving RTE only every Mh iteration. In SOFIE, for example, it is typical to use N = 10. In FDS, the time accuracy of the radiation field has been relaxed by solving the FVM equations typically every third time step and only part of the directions at a time. 

This final section deals with the dehalogenation of pyrolysis oils from electronic scrap. In terms of using those materials for feedstock recycling, synthesis gas production or fossil fuel substitution, dehalogenation is strongly required. For feedstock recycling a 10 ppm... 

In order to achieve a satisfactory chromatographic separation, one must choose an adsorbent by which the compounds are adsorbed to different degrees and are not adsorbed either too strongly, requiring an excessive amount of solvent to cause a separation, or too weakly, allowing the compounds to pass through the column before a separation can be effected. Thus, one must consider the type of adsorbent to use and also the nature of the solvent, since this can markedly affect the relative degree of adsorption and the extent of adsorption itself. 

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