Clock frequency

The individual pulse programmer operates at a clock frequency of 160 MHz, and the digital control signals can be generated with the minimum width and increment of 25 and 6.25 ns, respectively. 

SET AND ENABLE CLOCK FREQUENCY to be divided by the programmable counters or synthesizers. 

Since many digital waveforms are periodic, a GOTO statement is provided for looping. The attributes in Table 8-3 and shown in the screen capture produce a clock frequency of 1 kHz for four cycles and then 500 Hz for an infinite number of cycles ... 

Since gate delays are on the order of nanoseconds, we will set the clock frequency to 10 MHz. We will run the simulation for 500 ns. Fill in the Time Domain (,Transient/ dialog box as shown ... 

The dual slope converter is superior to the successive approximation type in many respects, e.g. in having an automatic zero capability, good noise suppression, and accuracy which is not affected by capacitor rating or clock frequency. However, the use of the latter type of converter is limited because of its slow conversion time (about 30 ms). 

In both CPU modes the power consumption scales linearly with the clock frequency. 

If nACT < nps, the clock frequency must be selected as low as possible. 

In a shift register, a selection pulse is shifted from one stage to the next at every clock pulse. The frame rate and the number of rows in the display determine the requirements for the clock frequency. As the image update time of the display is 600 ms, a frame rate of approximately 10 Hz is sufficient for black and white images. This enables e-reading applications. The corresponding minimum clock fre-... 

Max. clock frequency Max. QVGA frame rate Number of stages TFTs per stage Total number of TFTs Circuit yield Max. supply voltage TFT channel length... 

Computer Hardware. The use of a computer for data acquisition and control is mandatory because of the clock frequency used by the Reticon array (20 kHz) and the volume of data that it is capable of outputting. A PDP-8e computer made by Digital Equipment Corporation, with 12 K words of memory was employed. 

Another potential image sensor is the CCD discussed in Chapter 9 by Matsumura. The major problem in using a-Si H for CCD applications is the high density of traps or localized states in the band gap. A theoretical analysis assuming an exponential distribution of gap states permits us to predict the transfer characteristics (residual electron density as a function of time). With state-of-the-art material it should be possible to make usable image sensors. Early experimental results with novel test structures have yielded transfer inefficiencies of less than 1% at clock frequencies between 1 and 200 kHz. 

They also fabricated three-phase-clock a-Si H CCDs with coplanar transfer electrodes. The n+-a-Si H resistive layer is set up on and between the electrodes to produce a uniform electric field in the charge-transfer direction. This results in 0.7% transfer inefficiency, at as high as 200-kHz clock frequency (Kishida et al., 1983.)... 

Fig. 8. Input gate voltage (upper trace) and output current (lower trace) waveforms of a-Si H CCD with 24 transfer gates with 10-//m pitch. Clock frequency was 100 kHz transfer inefficiency was less than 0.7%.

The resistively connected gate a-Si H CCD described in this chapter operates at high clock frequencies. A 10-/an-pitch device operated at 200... 

The dual-slope method has a number of important features. Conversion accuracy is independent of the effect of temperature or aging on the clock frequency and integrating capacitor value, since they need to remain stable only during a conversion cycle. Accuracy... 

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