Application verification

A combination of techniques is typically used to verify the accuracy and precision of agrochemical applications to soil. For example, the catch-back method or passtime method is typically used in conjunction with analytical results from application verification monitors to confirm proper application. The catch-back method involves measuring the spray solution volume before and after application to double check that the desired volume of test solution was actually applied to the test plots. Experienced applicators are often able to apply within 2% of the targeted spray volume. 

Application verification (AV) monitors are devices that are placed within test plots to measure actual spray deposition that occurred during application. The main function of AV monitors is to show whether or not the intended amount of test material was actually deposited on the soil surface. Application monitors consisting of soil-filled containers, paper disks, polyurethane foam plugs, and glass Petri dishes have all been used successfully for this purpose. Prior to using a monitor in the field, it is important to determine that the test substance can indeed be successfully extracted from the monitor and that the compound will be stable on the monitor under field conditions... 

All application verification and soil samples must be individually labeled with unique sample identification (ID) and other identifying information such as study ID, test substance name, sample depth, replicate, subplot and date of collection, as appropriate. Proper study documentation requires that sample lists and labels be created prior to work commencing in the field. Water- and tear-resistant labels should be used since standard paper labels may become water-soaked and easily torn during sample handling. Sample lists should have the same information on them as the labels and are a convenient place to record plot randomization, initials of the individual who collected the sample, and date of collection. As such, the sample list is important in establishing chain of custody from the point of sample collection until its arrival at the laboratory. 

Table 3 Summary of zero-time soil concentration and application verification (AV) monitor results for Pyraclostrobin applied at two field sites... 

In spite of the success of selective chemisorption in providing values of dispersion when other physical techniques cease to be applicable, verifications and refinements of the stoichiometries used in the titrations of surface metal atoms are clearly indicated (28). 

The European Commission (or when relevant the Council) converts the scientific opinion of the EMEA into a legally binding decision for the MS. In this last phase of the CP the Commission is assisted by its Standing Committee of Medicinal Products, whose members, appointed by MS, receive the documents. The draft decision must occur within 15 days of receipt of the EMEA opinion (Regulation 726/2004), and is forwarded to MS and the applicant. Verification of the draft decision must then be completed in 22 days. 

Where applicable, verifications of the measures to prevent cross-contamination must be performed periodically according to specified procedures. 

Verification of measurements conducted by the photometric or titrimetric technique can be done easily by comparing the results with results from the gravimetric method if the volume dispensed is sufficiently large. However, for the measurement of small liquid volumes where the gravimetric method is no longer applicable, verification can be difficult. In that case, cross-validation between various measuring techniques and/or comparison with a calibrated dispenser is essential. 

All values shown are determined periodically and must be considered typical. Should a property be judged to be pertinent in a given application, verification must be made by the user prior to use. 

Keywords testing, monitoring, critical applications, verification and validation, certification, assessment. 

The more samples and detection points, the higher credible degrees of the calculation results. All the dear readers are advised to perform further application verification and improvement to this method in the follow-up test and study. 

Nehme and Lundqvist [6] describe a framework combining software tools for application verification and hardware platforms for execution and real-time monitoring. The tool translates safety critical VHDL code into a formal representation in a form of finite state machine (FSM) model. Formal techniques can then be applied on FSM representation to verify properties such as liveness and deadlock and to validate that the timing constraints of the original system are met. Three aspects of the tool implementation are discussed transformation of source code into an intermediate representation, verification of real-time properties, and some tool-related implementation issues. 

Dry lubrication, covering their selection process deposition process validation including co-deposited witness coupons and their evaluation application verifications to achieve stated performance, life and repeatability and definition and documents of all aspects of handling storage, and use of dry lubricated components. 

---