Control card

Using the PC for control requires installation of a board into the expansion slot in the computer, or the PC can be connected to an external I/O module using a standard communication port on the PC (RS-232, RS-422, or IEEE-488). The controller card/module supports 16- or 32-bit microprocessors. Standardization and high volume in the PC market has produced a large selection of hardware and software tools for PC controllers. 

System Control The control unit operates all the functions of the extractor. It is composed of a CRT, keyboard, contact closure outputs and inputs and nine control cards each with special functions. This unit requires almost no modification since its functions are highly specialized and the circuits are delicately assembled. The most important function to the user is its ability to interface with other instruments. This is done via the contact closures. Of primary use in our design is the contact closure which controls the event end output pulse. In the Suprex Model 50, this is contact closure B. This event end contact closure is the main interface in our design to other in-... 

Control and data signals from the 68020 based workstation are bused over to a control card that buffers the signals and places them on the backplane (not illustrated). The instrument cards are plugged into the backplane and controlled by the host processor. Each instrument card has a digital signal processor (an AT T DSP-16) for mixing the digital outputs as follow This processor must (a) mix the output from... 

A. Including the controller card, SCSI-1 can support up to 8 devices, with address IDs ranging from 0 to 7. 

D. The paddle board is the device responsible for converting signals from an IDE drive into signals the CPU can understand. It is commonly, and erroneously, called the controller card. 

PCI Abbreviation for Peripheral Component Interconnect. A specification introduced by Intel that defines a local bus that allows up to 10 PCI-compliant expansion cards to be plugged into the computer. One of these 10 cards must be the PCI controller card, but the others can include a video card, network interface card, SCSI interface, or any other basic input/output function. The PCI controller exchanges information with the computer s processor as 32- or 64-bits and allows intelligent PCI adapters to perform certain tasks concurrently with the main processor by using bus mastering techniques. 

Results verification is totally different from results validation. Results validation (point 4.7.5. and 5.9. of NBN-EN-ISO-CEI 17025 standard) shows, each year, or when it is judged necessary, that a given laboratory has the capacity to apply a particular method, repetitively, in respect of obtained data during initial validation. Trueness and statistical dispersion of results are the basis of the definition of the uncertainty of the standard of measurement [16] and, in some cases, the basis for the definition of the limit of detection and quantification. Management of data from validation results, as control card, could permit the detection and control of eventual deviation. Validation of results is the internal quality control procedure which verifies the stability of performance of the methods for which accreditation is sought, in the limited-scope procedural context. 

The EFF machines utilize a 3-axis gantry with a piston extruder mounted on the z-axis. Extruder motions are driven by stepper motors and are indexed with a 4-axis motion control card which drives the x-axis, y-axis, z-axis, and one proportional axis. The 3D drawing of the desired component is converted to indexer code in an AutoCAD environment using proprietary ACR subroutines. During fabrication the extrusion piston is indexed at a rate proportional to movement on the x-y planes. 

Control cards and data cards are printed out as they are read in, before any operations are performed. Thus the user can check from his output exactly what is happening during the run, for example where stresses are added. 

The program is a one-pass affair. It reads the control cards which give instructions and acts on them in the order read. When all of the control cards have been read and acted upon, the program ends. More than one problem may be solved in a run, however. All that is necessary is a set of data and control cards for each problem, stacked in the order in which they are to be run. 

Numbers. All numbers input as data to the problem, with the exception of two (see LIMIT and CYCLE control cards), are real numbers. A real number here means one-that contains a decimal point, and is punched in E or F format. The data for the LIMIT and CYCLE control cards are integer, which means punched with no decimal point, in I format. For a discussion of E, D, F, and I formats, see McCracken [2]. 

A name may consist of any six alphanumeric characters with the exception of those combinations already in the program as control card or subroutine names. The names used are purely arbitrary they are selected by the user so that the results will be intelligible to him. A substance and a row may have the same name, although it may be simpler for the user to keep track of things if he does not duplicate these names. 

The user must supply a deck of cards consisting of both control cards and data cards to run a problem. A control card is a card with one of the many allowable control words punched in columns 1—12. The program reads the word and interprets it in terms of which subroutines are to be called and what other action is to be taken and does as directed. For example, a control card with OUTPUT punched in columns 1—6 would cause the program to call the subroutine which prints out a solution of the problem. 

The words on the control cards are printed out as they are read, before any action is taken. In most cases only the first six letters are necessary on any control card, since that is all the program looks at a few control cards require information in columns 7—12. The program prints the first 72 columns of the control card. (Comments may be punched in columns 13—72 of control cards.)... 

The user must supply data cards with some of the control cards. A data card is a card containing a number which is the value of the variable involved and often the name of the variable involved. The format varies with the type of data described. Data cards are never used alone they must always be preceded by a control card indicating what kind of data it is and to what use it is to be put. 

Control cards available may be divided into two main categories those which read in data (and alterations to data) and those which cause operations to occur on the data already in the machine. The first control cards in the deck are those which read in the data. Following these come the cards which cause operations on the data. 

No. of Data Cards Read Page Number for (Variable no. always Description of Name of Control Card requires END card) Card... 

Table 1 are data control cards and the remaining groups consist of verb control cards. 

Control card names are punched in the card starting with column 1. If the name has fewer than six characters, blanks are used after the name to fill out the six characters. When more than six characters in a name are shown, the added ones are for readability. 

In the preceding table, the symbol l after a control card name means that column 7 contains an integer from 1 to 5 and columns 8—12 are blank. An asterisk after a control name means that columns 7—12 contain a six—character word or symbol. 

The control card deck should be arranged in the order in which the user wants the operations to occur. Data cards should directly follow the control cards which require them and END cards should follow data cards when necessary. 

Figure 2 illustrates the place of the control card deck in the program, and the ordering of control cards and data cards in the control card deck for a typical problem. 

CLEAR. Control card CLEAR causes an initialization procedure which sets up the machine to take a new problem. It zeroes out common storage and sets nominal values for several constants used by the program. Some of these constants can be changed by the control card user, but in order to simplify the running of the program and cut down on the number of control cards needed, they are set to reasonable values automatically. The user need not then set them unless he wishes to use values other than the nominal values. (See discussion of control cards LITER,... 

It is not necessary to use the control card CLEAR at the beginning of a run since the program automatically initializes at that time. However, if more than one problem is to be read in during a run, CLEAR should be used before reading in a new problem. 

END. Control card END is used at the end of a stack of data cards to tell the program that the end of the current type of data cards has been reached. It must follow the last data card of the ROWS, MATRIX and VECTORX data decks, as well as the last data cards of the various data manipulation control cards. Normally another control card follows the END card. 

If the END card is omitted by mistake, the program will try to read the next control card as a data card and will eventually founder. Not all data control cards require END cards after the data. Specifically, those data control cards which always require just one data card to follow need not have an END card after the data card. For example, cards which read in constants such as LITER or CYCLE will read only one data card and need no END card, while a card such as ROWS may have more than one data card and always requires an END card after the data. 

RETURN. The control card RETURN is used in control card operation only when combining control card and direct operations. Its execution will cause control to return to the main program. RETURN is not followed by any data card. 

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