Collectors sands

Sand foundry dusts Self-induced wet collectors ... 

Fig. 72. Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. From Singapore Field No 37952. Distributed by the Botanic Gardens Singapore. Geographical localization Kedah near Sanitarium Langkawi, in sand near sea. Date 11/13/ 1941. Field collector J.C. Naeur. Botanical identification M.R. Henderson.

Effect of different collectors on monazite flotation from the Chennai beach sand... 

The size distributions of the black sand ranged from 80 to 100 pm. Development test-work on the black sand included an examination of anionic and cationic collectors. Cationic collectors, such as Amine 22, Armac and Armac T, gave poor results. Selectivity was poor, even when using modified starches as gangue depressants. 

Experimental work was carried out on black sand in which the effect of sodium oxalate on monazite activation was examined. It should be noted that monazite is essentially a phosphate of cerium and lanthanum, where the possibility exists that sodium oxalate has an activating effect on monazite [11]. The use of sodium oleate as activator was studied with different sulphonate collectors (Table 24.12). 

The data from Figure 25.1 indicate that ilmenite can be recovered at a wide pH range. There is, however, a difference in the floatability of ilmenite from different ore types. Ilmenite can be successfully floated using fatty acid tall oil collectors at alkaline pH or with sodium alkyl sulphate (Ci6H330S03Na) at acidic pH. Figure 25.2 shows the effect of pH on ilmenite flotation from a sand deposit using alkyl sulphate collector. 

Figure 25.2 Effect of pH on ilmenite flotation from mineral sands using alkyl sulphate as collector.

The sulphosuccinamate collector was extremely effective in flotation of rutile, as well as ilmenite and zircon from a fine sand deposit. Laboratory testing conducted on Wimmera heavy mineral sand from Australia indicated that the use of sulphosuccinamate achieved a high titanium recovery in the bulk cleaner concentrate. Table 25.4 shows the results obtained on the Wimmera heavy mineral sand. The sand was scrubbed and deslimed before flotation. Between 90% and 95% Ti02 was recovered using a 60g/t addition of succina-mate collector. 

Effect of succinamate collector on titanium rutile flotation using Wimmera heavy mineral sand from... 

Method 3 - It involves bulk titanium/zircon flotation using succinamate collector followed by bulk concentrate pretreatment and selective zircon flotation. This method was developed for beneficiation of the Wimmera heavy mineral sand from Australia [12], The beneficiation flowsheet with type and level of reagents is shown in Figure 25.17. 

In water the wetted solid is termed hydrophilic , whereas the non-wetted solid is hydrophobic . Naturally hydrophobic minerals, such as some types of coal, talc and molybdenite are easily separated from the unwanted hydrophilic quartz sand (referred to as gangue ). However, surfactants and oils are usually added as collectors . These compounds adsorb onto the hydrophilic mineral surface and make it hydrophobic. 

About the same time that meteorites were found in Antarctica, an important collection of meteorites was being put together in Roosevelt County, New Mexico. Over a period from 1966 to 1972, several meteorite hunters collected 140 meteorite specimens representing about 100 separate fall events. This collection demonstrated another way for nature to concentrate meteorites. The meteorites in Roosevelt County were found in blowout areas where up to a meter of soil had been blown away by wind, leaving meteorites in plain view on the hardpan surface. Based on this experience, systematic and successful searches of desert areas in Western Australia have been carried out. Subsequently, the deserts of North Africa have turned out to be especially prolific sources of meteorites. The shifting desert sands expose meteorites that have accumulated over thousands of years. The meteorites are collected by nomads and sold to western collectors. Although most desert meteorites are weathered to some degree, new and rare meteorite classes have been discovered. 

The sand is slowly added to concentrated sulphuric acid and the temperature is maintained at 200° C. The reaction is highly exothermic, and helium and thoron are liberated. Barium sulphate is added as a collector for mesothorium. The reaction mixture is allowed to cool, mid the product is carefully diluted with water, the temperature being kept below 30° C. 

In these structures the Pontian basal conglomerates are regarded to constitute gas collectors, which were opened within 1182-1273 meters. Their lid is made of from Pliocene and limestone sand Quaternary system gasproof rocks. 

The high percent of unaccounted spray is likely due to filtration of the spray by foliage, and not to drift or evaporation. The effect was pronounced in the Ocala sand pine, a more densely foliated species than the slash pine. Dense foliage acts as fibers in a filter. As the number of fibers increase there are fewer open spaces for drops to penetrate without colliding with a fiber, in this case a needle. As the foliage collects drops at the upper crown there are fewer available to the lower crown levels. These results suggest that pines, even with their sparse foliage compared to spruce and fir, are efficient collectors of spray drops. 

Several methods were also available to capture airborne particles. An agar-coated cylinder was the collector in one sampler. After being filled with air and capped, the spores were allowed to settle onto the inner walls of the cylinder. Packed cylinders of sterile sand were also used as filters that could then be plated onto culture media. 

Fig. 2-27. Curves of accumulation of the macrocomponent (Ca) and microcomponent (Co) in a MDE element collector from samples of surface sediments of different composition I- water-saturated peaty sediments 2- clay rocks 3- loamy sands (from Testury, 1996).

Wootz steel later became known as Damascus steel because sword blades made from it had wavy surface patterns like Damask fabric. Damascus steel became famous because these swords kept their sharpness and strength after many battles. The knowledge of how to make Damascus steel was lost in the 1800s, but recently the process was redeveloped under the name superplastic steel. Collector hunting knives worth thou sands of dollars are being made from superplastic steel. 

A settler tank is used as part of the basin filtration system for each of the K-, L-, and P-Reactor Disassembly Basins. Its fimefion is to serve as a collector of water and material that is forced out of the sand filters and into the sand filter sumps via a backwash process used to purge the sand filters when the pressure drop across them becomes excessive. The residue fiom the sand filters is then allowed to settle to the bottom of the settler tank, and the surfece water then returned to the Disassembly Basin (Ref 8-28, Section 9.1.3.2). 

In a laboratory experiment (Adamson and Gast, 1997), one may use the following recipe. To a 1% sodium bicarbonate solution, one can add a few grams of sand. Then if one adds some acetic acid (or vinegar), the bubbles of CO2 produced cling to the sand particles and thus make these float on the surface. It must be mentioned that in wastewater treatments, the flotation method is one of the most important procedures. When rocks in crushed state are dispersed in water with suitable surfactants (also called collectors in industry) to give stable bubbles on aeration, hydrophobic minerals will float to the surface due to the attachment of bubbles, while the hydrophilic mineral particles will settle to the bottom. The preferential adsorption of the collector molecules on a mineral makes it hydrophobic. Xanthates (alkyl-O-CSj) have been used for flotation of lead and copper. 

Apply two drops of leaching solution to a sample collector tip and rub it over the sanded area. 

Note Bleeding may occur when testing surfaces are painted red. During the sanding test on red paint, examine the surface of the sample collector after the leaching solution and paint dust have been added to the tip. If the color does not spread, the red pigment will not interfere with the test. If it does spread, send a sample of the material to he tested to a certified analytical laboratory or use another type of field procedure. 

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