Collector follower

Cyclone and high efficiency centrifugals often act as primary collectors followed by fabric or wet type. 

Usual set up uses cyclone as product collector followed by fabric arrester for high over-all collection efficiency. 

Dry centrifugals used as primary collectors, followed by final cleaner. 

Method 3 - It involves bulk titanium/zircon flotation using succinamate collector followed by bulk concentrate pretreatment and selective zircon flotation. This method was developed for beneficiation of the Wimmera heavy mineral sand from Australia [12], The beneficiation flowsheet with type and level of reagents is shown in Figure 25.17. 

The latroscan FID scanner unit consists of a hydrogen flame jet and an ion collector. Following the sample application and solvent development, a set of ten rods are scanned and burnt, the ions are captured by the collector electrode and the signal is amplified in a similar way as in gas chromatography (GC). The more recent versions of the instrument (Mark IV and V) have an improved detector system (Oshima and Ackman, 1991) in which the collector and a circular electrode are close to the rod being scanned. These improvements minimize losses of ions and increase the sensitivity of the instrument. The reproducibility and accuracy of the TLC/FID method relies strongly on the standardization of all the operational parameters. Thus it will be useful and necessary to consider the various factors that affect the response of the flame ionization detector of the latroscan system. 

Coating of siurry to current collector followed by winding and drying... 

The oscillator s output is usually taken from the collector, but the buffer s output can be either from its collector (a "collector follower, CF") or its emitter (an "emitter follower, EF"). If a low impedance device such as a loudspeaker is to be driven, the emitter follower (EF) can be used, with no collector resistor. That would be a common collector buffer, because both the oscillator that is the "driver" of the buffer, and the load might be attached directly to the same "common" +9 volt "bus" or "rail" (see index if necessary). 

Fig. 9. Patterns obtained by analysis of fractions taken with a fraction collector following electrophoretic separation in the starch colunm. The upper curve represents an artificial mixture of albumin and y-globulin, the lower curve represents serum. Barbital buffer pH 8.6, T/2 0.1.

The hysteresis AEh in the collector current response due to the diffusion of the redox species from the generator to the collector follows the approximate equation AEh = 0.0071 x where AEh is the potential difference at half the collector current, v is the scan rate, 5 is the inter-electrode gap, F is Faraday s constant, D is the diffusion coefficient, R is the gas constant and T is temperature. This equation provides a convenient way of determining the diffusion... 

The process is rather like a sprint race, with all ions leaving the starting line at the same time. However, unlike a normal race, the result is always the same viz., the ions arrive at the finish (collector or detector) in procession and strictly in the order of increasing m/z values. Ions of the smallest m/z values arrive first, followed successively by others of increasing m/z value. 

Dust entrained in the exit-gas stream is customarily removed in cyclone cohectors. This dust may be discharged back into the process or separately cohected. For expensive materials or extremely fine particles, bag collectors may follow a cyclone collector, provided fabric temperature stability is not hmiting. When toxic gases or solids are present, the exit gas is at a high temperature, the gas is close to saturation as from a steam-tube diyer, or gas recirculation in a sealed system is involved, wet scrubbers may be used independently or following a cyclone. Cyclones and bag collec tors in diying applications frequently require insulation and steam tracing. The exhaust fan should be located downstream from the cohection system. 

All venturi scrubbers must be followed by an entrainment collector for the liquid spray. These collectors are usually centrifugal and will have an additional pressure drop of several centimeters of water, which must be added to that of the venturi itself. 

On approaching a collecting body (fiber or liquid droplet), 0 porticle corried along by the gas stream tends to follow the stream but may strike the obstruction because of its inertia. Solid lines represent the fluid streamlines oround a body of diameter Dt, and the dotted lines represent the paths of particles that initially followed the fluid streamlines. X is the distance between the limiting streamlines A and B The fraction of particles initially present in a volume swept by the body that is removed by inertiol interception is represented by the quantity X/Dt, for a cylindrical collector and (X/Dt,) for a sphericol collector... 

Greater selectivity in purification can often be achieved by making use of differences in chemical properties between the substance to be purified and the contaminants. Unwanted metal ions may be removed by precipitation in the presence of a collector (see p. 54). Sodium borohydride and other metal hydrides transform organic peroxides and carbonyl-containing impurities such as aldehydes and ketones in alcohols and ethers. Many classes of organic chemicals can be purified by conversion into suitable derivatives, followed by regeneration. This chapter describes relevant procedures. 

In removing traces of impurities by precipitation it is necessary to include a material to act as a collector of the precipitated substance so as to facilitate its removal by filtration or decantation. The following are a few examples ... 

The second mechanism important in wet collectors is removal of the wetted particles on a collecting surface, followed by their eventual removal from the device. The collecting surface can be in the form of a bed or simply a wetted surface. One common combination follows the wetting section with an inertial collector which then separates the wetted particles from the carrying gas stream. 

Important technical features of fabric filter collectors are listed in Table 13.3. A brief description of each characteristic follows. Detailed descriptions of fabric filters are presented in the literature. " >35... 

Interception A special case of impingement, in which a particle is trapped on a fiber due to the effect of Van der Waals forces rather than inertia. The interception of a particle in a particle collection device occurs when the particle follows a gas streamline round a collector at a distance less than the radius of the particle. 

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