Coal mining supervision

For some time, the lack of prevention and control of occupational hazards in China s coal mine supervision, coordination between government departments adverse regulatory difficulty. Most of the occupational hazards of long incubation period, in addition to acute poisoning, in most cases not the incidence, regulatory or bad can not be concluded, some two years or even three years... 

At present, mine gas is the major risks affecting coal mine production safety in China, the safety problems caused by the gas accounted for over 80% of coal mine production safety accidents, and its casualties account for 90% of all serious accidents casualties (Li Jing 2007), Especially the gas explosion accidents, which have caused worst human and economic losses. From 2004 to 2009, various national coal mine accidents caused more than 10 people died approximately 225 cases, 5280 people deaths, of which including 147 gas accidents, 3,667 people deaths, accounting for 65.3% and 69.5% respectively. After restoration efforts, the industry in recent years, coal mine production safety situation in China is a little better. But the coal mine production safety situation is still grim, the total accidents is still too large, serious accidents have occurred from time to time. Based on the statistical data of the state production safety supervision and Management Bureau in 2010 and other statistical data, in 2010 China s coal mine gas accident occurred 135 cases, killed 593 people... 

Chen Juan, Zhao Yaojiang. Statistical analysis and enlightenment of Chinese coal mine accidents in the past ten years [J], Beijing State Production Safety Supervision Administration, 2012, (3) 137-139. 

In The Safety Regulations for Coal Mine it is explicitly stipulated that the air temperature should be no higher than 2(fC in mining face or 30°C in electromechanical chamber. Mining must be stopped if the air temperature respectively exceeds 30°C and 34"C in the above-mentioned two places (The State Bureau of Safe Production Supervision and Administration State Administration of Coal Mine Safety 2011). 

The State Bureau of Safe Production Supervision and Administration. State Administration of Coal Mine Safety. 2011. The Safety Regulations for Coal Mine. Beijing Coal Industry Pubhshing House. 

State Administration of Coal Mine Safety Supervision Bureau 2011. Coal Mine Safety Regulations. Beijing Coal Industry Press, 127-130 (in Chinese). 

Work has its special properties in coal mine production line workers, the subject they are productive activity, and is the main excitation accident. Personnel errors has become an important source of danger of accidents, on the one hand, it lies in internal factors, such as age, physical, physiological, psychological, their safety awareness effect on the other hand it lies in the external factors of workers in the work, such as the environment, enterprises of staff supervision, the completeness of machinery and equipment effects of the above factors, induced to have accidents tend to internal factors, external factors, individual, forming a human behavior set beam. Therefore, prevention and reduction caused by human factors of accidents has become an important issue to be solved in coal mine enterprise. 

Miners working in underground coal mines safety supervision is an indispensable part of daily work, is also an important link to ensure safety in production. Therefore, the in mine safety supervision work must be done. Supervisory personnel deal with s in mine on danger signals in a timely manner, and monitor the miners operation behavior, prevent the happening of the phenomenon of illegal operation. 

Although the party and the state has established a safety first, prevention first, comprehensive management of safe production approach to the development of the Mine Safety Act, (Lin 2008) Coal Act, Coal Mine Safety Supervision Ordinance until a series of policies, laws, management departments and business units have done a lot of practical work, have a lot to improve and enhance China s labor protection and production conditions, in order to protect the safety and health of workers in production and construction, safety culture theory, and promoting social production and construction development. However, China s coal enterprises overall understanding of safety culture and the arts and corporate safety culture in construction due to inadequate attention to work-... 

The USA mine supervision system attaches particular importance to independence. Across USA, MSHA sets up 12 regional inspectorates in the coal-producing regions, which lead 45 field offices. The regional inspectorates and field offices administer their separate regions, as shown in Figure 2. 

Once the provincial-level coalmine safety supervision authority receives the report of a more serious accident, it shall within 2 hours report to the State Administration of Work Safety (SAWS), and State Administration of Coal Mine Safety (SACMS) ... 

Wang Xianzheng. 2001. American Coal Mines Safety Supervision System 7-23. Beijing Coal Industry Publishing House. 

In all types of coalmine accidents, gas explosion occupied the largest share of the major accidents (Coal Mine Safety Supervision Bureau of the State 2012). Except by using engineering technology such as technical equipment or skills to prevent the gas explosion, understanding the law of the accident can also help the people to avoid repetitive accidents. Accident analysis results showed that nearly 100% of gas explosions are liability accidents, and the direct cause is unsafe act. 

Publications such as Typical coal mine accident case analysis (Liu Li 2011), compilation of coal mine accidents cases (more than 100 people) (Coal Mine Safety Supervision Bureau of the State 2007), and so on. A large amount of accident case analysis literatures (Sun 2010, Liu 2004) and some other informations from the Internet. 

Coal Mine Safety Supervision Binreau of the State 2007. Compilation of Coal Mine Accidents Cases (More Than 100 People). Xtizhou China University of Ming and Technology Press. 

Coal Mine Safety Supervision Bureau of the State 2012. The National Coal Mine Accident Analysis Report (2011). 

The State Administration of production safety supervision and management. 2007. State Administration of Coal Mine Safety safety, regulations in coal mine. Beijing China Coal Industry Publishing House. 

The coal mine production safety accident reporting and investigation and handling regulations , issued by the State Production Safety Supervision Administration in 2008, divided coal mine accidents into four levels, namely general accident (deaths 1-2), the larger of the accident (deaths 3-9 people), major accident (deaths 10-29), serious and the worst accidents (death of 30 people and above).The situations of coal and gas outburst accident were made from 2000-2012 according to the four levels. 

Zhou Min 2005. Optimization of safety production supervision mode of coal mining enterprises. Journal of China University of Mining and Technology, 15(4) 348-353 (in Chinese). 

Li Haofeng, et al. 2004. Game Analysis of Our Coal Mine Production Safety Supervision. Coal Economic Research, (7), 72-75 (in Chinese). 

The issue was also addressed by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, which held that, in addition to mine owners or lessees, other persons who operate, control, or supervise a coal mine can be operators as well, and that under the Coal Act an independent contractor doing construction work at a mine can be an operator with respect to the work it performs. The court recognized the importance of placing responsibihty on the party in the best position to protect the safety and health of the miners and also stated that the control and supervision that independent... 

Nearly all the Antarctic coal analyses are based upon determinations of the U.S. Bureau of Mines Coal Analysis Section under the supervision of Forrest E. Walker. Sources of other analytic data and sources of collections upon which they are based are cited in the locality listing of respective analyses tabulated. Ultimate values as well as results of proximate determination are given whenever available. 

All analyses of Antarctic coal samples submitted from the U.S. Geological Survey have been analyzed at the U.S. Bureau of Mines, Coal Analysis Section under supervision of Forrest E. Walker. Preparation of samples for analyses as well as field sampling and shipment was supported, in part, by NSF grant G-17216 administered by the Institute of Polar Studies through the Research Foundation, The Ohio State University. 

The selection of evaluation index Summarize the results of previous studies [3-11] to select seven factors of impacting coal and gas outburst accident (A) as the evaluation indicators of outburst risk, the seven indicators are Cl, coal production C2, outburst prevention equipment and facilities C3, quality of personnel C4, ventilation system C5, outburst prevention and management C6, outburst prevention regulation and supervision C7, mining environment. 

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