Danger signals

Structural Considerations. Sdos, bins, and hoppers fail, in one way or another, each year. The causes of silo failures are many and varied (9). Such failures can range from a complete and dramatic stmctural coUapse, to cracking in a concrete wall, or denting of a steel shell. This last is often a danger signal indicating that corrective measures are required. 

Gasque P (2004) Complement a unique innate immune sensor for danger signals. Mol Immunol 41 1089-1098... 

The purpose of these classifications is to enable the user to know the risk level of a substance, and for those that are related to regulations, to codify danger signals that are compulsory in order to inform users as well as carriers. There are four classifications ... 

Ulceration friability of the lesion with bleeding or oozing. This is a danger signal. 

We and others previously identified blood MHCH CDllc+ cells as circulating DC precursors in mice (6,12,13). Blood MHCILCDllc+ cells are classified into only two subtypes B22CTCD1 lc+ mDC precursors and B220+CD1 lc+ pDC precursors. The numbers of both mDC and pDC precursors in naive mouse blood were extremely low but increased greatly in response to danger signals such as bacterial and viral infection (13,14) (Fig. 2). 

In response to danger signals, a significant number of both mDC and pDC precursors appear de novo into the circulation (5,13). However, their migration pathways are flexible and are largely dependent on tissue microenvironments. In a cutaneous herpes simplex virus (HSV)-l infection model, newly appeared... 

International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO 7731 1986 Danger Signals for Work Places - Auditory Danger Signals. ISO, Geneva, Switzerland, 1986. 

Humans are extremely sensitive to hydrogen sulfide, most likely as a danger signal. The recognition threshold lies at 0.00047 ppm (vol) (cited in Cain, 1978). Only 40 molecules of methyl mercaptan, distributed over several receptors, sufficed for detection (cited in Harborne, 1993). 

Two processes are suggested to be of importance in the induction of T cell sensitization by chemicals (i) the formation of neoantigens (i.e., cryptic epitopes or hapten-carrier conjugates) (ii) the stimulation of innate immune processes (i.e., adjuvant activity or induction of danger signals reviewed by Uetrecht [64]). The... 

The project leader needs to create conditions which enable problems to be picked up before they reach the danger signal stage ... 

Danger signals for a project From senior management... 

Figure 6.36 Induction of danger signals. Inflammation due to cellular stress, physical damage, or the presence of pathogens can lead to induction of co-stimulatory molecules on the APC. This increases the risk of activation of an immune response directed toward the drug-conjugate. Abbreviation APC, antigen-presenting cells.

Thus, if the drug or a metabolite causes damage to tissue or cellular stress, for example, inflammatory cytokines will be released. These could form part of the second, "danger" signal. The second signal also acts on the T cell via APCs and costimulatory receptors (B7, e.g., which interacts with CD28 on the T cell). 

Figure 5.2 Toxicity increases as signal word progresses from caution to danger. Signal words are required on all labels and labeling.

Salivary chaperon Hsp70 Danger signal, complement activation, antigen presentation... 

Danger signals can come from both foreign material (infectious agents) and endogenous sources (damaged cells or tissues, altered molecules, neurotransmitter imbalances). 

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