Closed loop planning process

The efficiency of producing hydrogen through a sulphur-iodine process is very sensitive to the HI decomposition process. In Korea, an electrodialysis method was selected to concentrate HI in the solution. The current status of HI concentration and decomposition characteristics with electrodialysis, distillation and HI decomposition catalyst is presented. Another sensitive item of iodine content is also briefly described. A future plan on how to demonstrate a lab-scale SI closed loop is also presented with key issues. 

Figure 5 shows KIER s R D plan for the IS process. Studies on the closed-loop operation technologies at atmosphere condition using the small-scale apparatus will be carried out until 2006. Studies on process improvement and collection of data in each reaction will be carried out until 2010 for the laboratory and pilot scale equipment that will demonstrate hydrogen production at the rate of l,000N-t/h and 30 100Nm7h, respectively. 

A newly developed manufacturing process may be implemented in an existing production line if it is not fully booked and an investment is saved. However, if there is no free capacity or if the new product requires new unit operations and processes a new plant needs to be built. The simpler manufacturing process the cheaper investment, but the investment part of today s closed loops due to environmental concerns, often constitute 30% of the total investment. The capacity of a new plant must be decided. A larger capacity is more expensive, although it is not a linear relationship. The investment cost is seen as a capital cost in the cost calculus of a new product, and it is dependent on the capacity utilisation. Therefore, the decision of a planned capacity will be taken in close cooperation with the company s marketing people. 

The PDCA management model is applied to coal mine hazard information closed-loop management system. It will implement the closed-loop hazard information management according to the science program of plan-do—check-action, in the meanwhile, it increases the work of information audit and feedback about the hazard information input, the hazard rectification, assessment and other information. It makes various processes closely linked and hazard information timely and effective... 

Real time track and trace tool is implemented and allows managing and acting to solve distribution problems during the delivery route. There is a closed loop process that feedback actual information to the route optimization planning tool to improve compliance to plan of the distribution route. 

Kaplan and Norton (2008) state that strategy develops and management is a closed-loop process where each part of the system influences aU other parts. They proposed the framework shown in Fig. 7.11 to integrate strategy formulation and planning with operational execution. 

Safety life cycle, according to this standard, can he considered as a cyclic process or closed loop comprising in cyclic fashion of identify—analyze—design—verify (comparable tvith plan, do, check, act ISO 31000). Referring to Fig. VI/4.0.2-1, it is seen that ... 

Relieving the capacity planning problem led to "closed-loop MRP." In closed-loop MRP, the computer calculates the effect of the production plan on work centers. One now knows which centers have the most demand and can take action. Examples of this action can include rescheduling, adding capacity, or contracting out production. Closed-loop MRP requires the organization to fully document manufacturing processes, particularly the bottlenecks. 

In Figure 22.3, we return to our supply chain map to trace the expansion of functionality in these systems. The original MRP was principally a supply function, confined to a single department as we show in the figure. So it occupies a space on the incoming side of the enterprise where material acquisition is planned and processed. There is little effect on other functions. Closed-loop MRP has an impact beyond the supply function. Production processes have to be documented. Forecast requirements are bounced against the capacity to deliver them. So multiple departments in the enterprise are affected. 

V V methods include inspection, analysis, demonstration, and validation and verification. V V activities are determined by the perceived risks, safety, and criticality of the element under consideration. Use of a requirements management tool is essential once a design has been established and V V begins. A unique requirements identifier can be used for traceability to the V V plans, procedures, and reports to provide a closed-loop process from system capability, as proven through a V V process back to the source requirement. Basic V V activities are as follows ... 

Tolerance verification it defines inspection planning and metrological procedures for functional requirements, functional specifications, and manufacturing specifications. It is very important to consider tolerance verification early in the design activities to be able to assess uncertainties. Tolerance verification permits to close the process loop, to check the product conformity, and to verify assumptions made by the designer. 

As an ongoing work, we are considering also the probability of attack as an additional aspect that leads to the identification of the optimal solution. As future work, we plan to introduce the selected controller process into the system in such a way to be able to analyse the impact of the controller on the system. This would allow us to close the loop and fully evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed solution. 

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