Plants needs

The market value of natural gas Hquids is highly volatile and historically has been weakly related to the world price of cmde oil. During the 1980s, the market value of natural gas Hquids ranged from approximately 60% of the price of cmde to 73% (12). In this 10-year interval, several fluctuations occurred in the natural gas Hquid market. Because of the variabiHty of the natural gas Hquid market, the NGL recovery plants need to have flexibiHty. Natural gas Hquid products compete in the following markets ethane propane a Hquefted petroleum gas (LPG) a C-3/C-4 mix and / -butane all compete as petrochemical feedstocks. Propane and LPG are also used as industrial and domestic fuels, whereas 2-butane and natural gasoline, consisting of C-5 and heavier hydrocarbons, are used as refinery feedstocks. 

Plants need to be mn by people and the avaHabiUty of employees can constitute the overriding consideration in certain businesses, in relation to siting. Labor-intensive businesses have to either move to a location where labor is available or move their employees to the new plant site, which can be cosdy both from the standpoint of the physical move and also with regard to the additional expense of relocating a family from one place to whoUy new surroundings. Older and less flexible work forces often choose to accept eady retirement, quit, or not to relocate. 

Because calcium oxide comprises about 65% of Pordand cement, these plants are frequendy situated near the source of their calcareous material. The requisite silica and alumina may be derived from a clay, shale, or overburden from a limestone quarry. Such materials usually contain some of the required iron oxide, but many plants need to supplement the iron with mill scale, pyrite cinders, or iron ore. Silica may be supplemented by adding sand to the raw mix, whereas alumina can be furnished by bauxites and Al202-rich flint clays. 

The overall plant needs the following parameters to be computed. The most important two parameters from an economic point of view are the computation of the power delivered and the fuel consumed to deliver... 

On resources The manpower, material, facilities, and plant needed to execute a particular contract shall be established, documented, and agreed with senior management prior to submission of any tender, bid, or offer. The estimate shall include the resources to manage and carry out the work required and in addition the resources required to verify that work has been completed in accordance with the contractual requirements. ... 

All plants produce domestic effluent, which is preferably discharged into the public sewer. If no sewer is available the plant needs a septic tank or a similar device sized for the probable demand, which is based on the number of people whom it will serve. Architects and... 

Mixtures of sodium borate and nitrite have been used to store plant. The solution may either be left in. If this is impracticable, for instance if the plant needs to be drained for maintenance purposes, then the solution may be drained from the plant after initial dosing so as to leave locations which are difficult to drain containing a residue of inhibitive solution . 

It is not sufficient that one person only has this knowledge. A clear set of operating instructions should be posted in the main plantroom, enabling any authorized person to start, run and shut down the system in a correct, safe and efficient manner. All staff who may be required to operate the plant need to be instructed and have some practice. 

Standby plant needs to he run frequently, hoth to ensure that it is in working order, and also to keep items such as shaft seals oiled and run-in, and thus gas-tight. The location and function of any changeover valves which must he operated in conjunction with standby plant should be clearly marked. 

Most raw water sources considered for use as boiler MU have been treated or conditioned either by a water utility (providing city water) or in-house (providing industrial water). They are supplied to the boiler plant clean and relatively free of suspended solids, colloidal material, organics, and iron. In hard water areas there also may be some reduction in hardness and alkalinity provided. Where boiler plant raw water (RW) quality is still unacceptable for the particular boiler plant needs, additional pretreatment pre-boiler conditioning or external treatment) may be required. 

Although iron (Fe) is one of the major soil constituents (0.5-5%), where it is usually present in the oxidized state (Felll), plant availability is severely limited by the low solubility of Fe-(hydr)oxides at pH levels favorable for plant growth. Therefore, plants need special mechanisms foraquiring Fe from sparingly soluble Fe forms to fit the requirements for growth, especially in neutral and alkaline soils, where the availability of Fe is particularly low (151). Mechanisms involved in iron acquisition by plants are also discussed in Chap. 8. 

In this sen.se, in natural environments, the plant needs can be fulfilled by less strict, but more homogeneously extended plant-microbe interactions, such as those that cereals undertake with free nitrogen fixers (e.g., azospirilli or cyanobacteria), and that often involve not only nitrogen exchange but also hormones and other signals. 

Most of the sulfuric acid produced by the chemical industry is used to make fertilizers. Fertilizers are produced using phosphorous, an essential nutrient that plants need to grow well. Phosphate is found in rocks, and these rocks are more soluble, or more easily dissolved, in water when broken down with sulfuric acid. Treating phosphate rocks this way releases phosphorous in a form that plant roots can absorb. 

Conveying characteristics also will provide useful information when an existing plant needs to be upgraded to achieve say, a higher conveying rate of solids. For example, it will be possible to determine whether the system and the material will be able to cope with the increased pressure and/or air flow requirements (i.e., whether the combination of pipe size and blower/compressor rating will be sufficient). 

According to Dr. ter Meer, the existence of the concentration camp had not crossed his mind when he accepted Ambros invitation (this was his first visit, a year before he scanned the grounds from the boiler house) to come down to look the place over. Here was an industrial delight The buna factory they wanted to build would have a capacity larger than any of the others. They would need a million tons of hard coal, and Oswiecem was on the southern border of the Silesian coal fields. The plant needed as much power as the city of Berlin, and here at Oswiecem three rivers united — the Sola, the Przemsze, and the Little Vistula. East of the town was another river which could furnish extra power and would take off the waste from the plant. 

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