Climatic factors

The amount of biomass produced in a habitat— the productivity of the habitat—is determined by the types of plants (some species are more efficient photosynthesizers than others), the intensity and duration of solar radiation, the amount of nutrients available, and climatic factors such as temperature... 

Soil is distinguished by the complex nature of its composition and of its interaction with other environmental factors. No two soils are exactly alike, and extremes of structure, composition and corrosive activity are found in different soils. Climatic factors of rainfall, temperature, air movement and sunlight can cause marked alterations in soil properties which relate directly to the rates at which corrosion will take place on metals buried in these soils. 

The role of meteorological and climatic factors and their variability. Ambient air quality (e.g., oxidant concentrations) and deposition that can affect the emissions to indicator relationship. Sampling frequency is also an important attribute of a monitoring program that strongly influences the ability to detect trends. 

Plucking cycles should correspond to flush development, which is regulated by climatic factors. If too short, they represent inefficient use of labor. If too long, older leaf accumulates, which should be removed so as not to diminish productivity or quality. On most tea estates, plucking labor represents half of the employed staff. A single worker will usually pluck 20 to 25 kg of fresh leaf per day. 

Because borrow soils will be mixed and modified during placement, the cover soil for an ET landfill cover, as constructed, will be unique to the site. However, the soil properties may be easily described. The design process requires an evaluation of whether or not the proposed soil and plant system can achieve the goals for the cover. Numerous factors interact to influence ET cover performance. A mathematical model is needed for design that is capable of (1) evaluating the site water balance that is based on the interaction of soil, plant, and climate factors and (2) estimating the performance of an ET landfill cover during extended future time periods. 

Site-specific climatic factors that are important to selection of landfill cover type and to design of ET landfill covers include daily measurements of precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity, total solar radiation, and wind run.6 45 55 If all of the data are not available, one can make useful—but less accurate—estimates of cover performance using only daily precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature measurements. 

Any model used for ET cover design should, at a minimum, be able to utilize daily precipitation and temperature data and preferably should be able to utilize the other important climate factors as well in order to produce the most accurate estimates. 

Concentration of solute in effluent Concentration of solute in leachate Runoff coefficient Crop management factor Climate factor... 

Liang F, Xia XX (2005) Long-term trends in solar radiation and the associated climatic factors over China for 1961-2000. Ann Geophys 23 2425-2432... 

Thus, the Martonne aridity index defines not only climatic parameters but also vegetational ones. Seasonality of precipitation is another climatic factor that affects desert and steppe boundaries. For a given mean annual temperature, the boundary of a steppe will extend into wetter climates if its precipitation falls mainly in the summer. This is because summer evapotranspiration depletes soil moisture more thoroughly than winter evapotranspiration. For similar reasons, the size of a desert will be larger if its precipitation falls in the summer rather than in the winter (Monger et al., 2004). 

Temperature and humidity are the main climate factors influencing the development of Fusarium diseases of cereals. These factors show strong... 

Doohan F M, Brennan J and Cooke B M (2003), Influence of climatic factors on Fusarium species pathogenic to cereals , Europ. J. Plant Pathol., 109, 755-768. 

Nolan BT, Dubus IG, Surdyk N, Fowler HJ, Burton A, Hollis JM, Reichenberger S, Jarvis NJ (2008) Identification of key climatic factors regulating the transport of pesticides in leaching and to tile drains. Pest Manage Sci. doi 10.1002/ps,1587... 

At the continental- to subcontinental-scale the relative proportions of major minerals in soils are largely controlled by parent material and climate factors. In turn, the distributions of many major and trace elements are strongly influenced by soil mineralogy, especially the presence or absence of quartz (Eberl Smith 2009 Bern 2009). 

Doohan FM, Parry DW, Jenkinson P, Nicholson P (1998) The use of species-specific PCR-based assays to analyse Fusarium ear blight of wheat. Plant Pathol 47 197-205 Doohan FM, Brennan J, Cooke BM (2003) Influence of climatic factors on Fusarium species pathogenic to cereals. Eur J Plant Pathol 109 755-768 Eppley RM, Stoloff L, Trucksess MW, Chung CW (1974) Survey of corn for fusarium toxins. J Assoc Anal Chem 57 632-635... 

C. Settlement of structural supports due to geologic or climatic factors or failure of structural supports due to corrosion, etc. 

Fellin P, Otson R. 1994. Assessment of the influence of climatic factors on concentration levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Canadian homes. Atmos Environ 28(22) 3581-3586. 

Some of the NPP models are based on the color imagery and some are not. In the latter, phytoplankton growth is estimated from coupled global circulation and biogeo-chemical models in which water motion controls nutrient availability. The water motion is controlled by climatic factors, such as temperature gradients and wind stress. The latest effort to compare model outputs was conducted with 31 different models and foimd that global estimates for a test year (1998) differed by as much as a factor of 2 The mean results from this model intercalibration experiment are shown in Table 23.7. 

CLIMATIC FACTORS EDAPHIC FACTORS BIOTIC FACTORS... 

Even within a single state, climatic factors vary with altitude, nearness to bodies of water, slope of the land, etc. These differences also affect plant susceptibility to problems and limit the effectiveness of organic controls as well as chemical controls. 

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