Climatic factors latitude

The major sources of PCBs, globally, are found in northern latitudes. Breivik et al. [144,145] published a complete assessment of global historical usage of PCBs and, using a mass balance approach, predicted emissions of PCBs to the air as a function of their use and climate factors (primarily temperature). They identified major sources of PCBs as directly contaminated soils, fires, open use, use in capacitors, use in closed systems, disposal to landfills, waste incineration, and PCB destruction. They found that use... 

In the latitudes occupied by the US the climate is dominated by westerly winds. The basic wind speed may be adjusted to ensure that the risk of it being exceeded is the same for all directions. This is achieved by the wind speed factor Sa. 

The second important point is that although factors that affect herbage production, such as climate, latitude and aspect, are outside the farmer s control, other factors, such as soil nutrient level and grazing management, can be controlled by the skilful farmer. 

Concentrations of contaminants in the atmosphere may vary significantly from time to time due to seasonal climatic variation, atmospheric turbulence, and velocity and direction of wind. The most important meteorological factors are (1) wind conditions and the gustiness of wind, (2) the humidity and precipitation, (3) the temperature, which varies with latitude and altitude, (4) barometric pressure (varying with the height above the ground), and (5) solar radiation and the hours of sunshine, which vary with the season. 

Weaver (2003) analyzed the possible role of changes in cloud RF (CRF) at the atmospheric top level, especially in extra-tropical latitudes, as a climate-forming factor whose role consists in regulating poleward meridional heat transport. The cloud dynamics in extra-tropical latitudes and related changes in CRF depend on formation in the atmosphere of vortices responsible for the evolution of storm tracks. It is vortices determining the formation of storm tracks that contribute most to meridional heat transport. 

The climate of the Black Sea and its coastal regions is defined by three principal factors, which depend on the latitude and topography of the area—the irradiance processes, the atmosphere circulation (both large-scale and local), and the character of the underlying surface. With regard to the type of the air masses that dominate throughout the year, the northern and the southern parts of the Black Sea may be referred to as the temperate and subtropical climatic zones, respectively [1]. 

In the formation of the Aral region chmate the radiation factor plays a key role. This refers especially to the warm period when, thanks to clear weather, the incoming solar radiation flux is so strong (Fig. la) that the other important climate-forming factor - atmospheric circulation - makes only a minor contribution. The annual duration of sunshine here is as high as 3,000 h, which is 65-70% of that possible. This factor in the Aral region is greater than in the Mediterranean and California which are located on the same latitudes. 

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