Crop management

Crop management is complex as each field is different from its neighbour. It is important to test and monitor the soils, so the farmer is conscious of nutrient balance. Since synthetics are not applied to compensate for mismanagement, a field abused can take 6 to 7 years to recover. 

Soybeans are a common source of protein. They also are hard on the soils and should not be grown in consecutive years on the same field. Alfalfa is a good rotational crop for corn or beans. In some areas of the United States, alfalfa does not grow easily. In those 

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S. E. Cook and R. G. V. Brantley, Precision agriculture—opportunities, benefits and pitfalls of site-specific crop management in Australia. Aust. J. E.rp. Aftric. 38 753 (1998). 

Concentration of solute in effluent Concentration of solute in leachate Runoff coefficient Crop management factor Climate factor... 

Wassmann R, Buendia LV, Lantin RS, Bueno CS, Lubigan LA, Umali A, Nocon NN, Javellana AM, Neue HU. Mechanisms of crop management impact on methane emissions from rice fields in Los Banos, Philippines. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosys. 2000 58 107-119. 

It is well known that crop management systems, the quality of the soil and the weathering conditions are just some of the factors used in order to assess production of GHG. Therefore, an understanding of the future environmental impacts of crop production is essential in order to achieve greater crop yields without decreasing the quality of the environment and social welfare. Additionally, Tilman [2] reported that the recent intensification of agriculture, coupled with the prospect of even further intensification in the future, will have major detrimental impacts on the world s ecosystems. 

The IQC has three components, in horizontal rows, which describe the life processes of growth and differentiation, and their integration. The vertical columns give the four different descriptions for crop management, the physiological life processes, the properties of the crop and the properties of the food product. 

Crop management Life processes Properties of crop Properties of product ... 

There is a risk in using circular reasoning when introducing a new overall quality concept (such as the IQC) that contains new aspects and new parameters. It is difficult to introduce an unknown aspect such as integration, to associate it with crop management measures and to measure it with experimental parameters such as luminescence and biocrystallisations. A methodological... 

Bogaard, A., Heaton, T. H. E., Poulton P. and Merbach, I. (2007) The impact of manuring on nitrogen isotope ratios in cereals archaeological implications for reconstruction of diet and crop management practices. Journal of Archaeological Science 34, 335 343. 

Schreiner M. 2005. Vegetable crop management strategies to increase the quantity of phytochemicals. Eur J Nutr 44 85-94. 

Berkelmans R, Ferris H, Tenuta M, van Bruggen AHC (2003) Effects of long-term crop management on nematode trophic levels other than plant feeders disappear after 1 year of disruptive soil management. Appl Soil Ecol 23 223-235... 

Neher DA, Olson RA (1999) Nematode communities in soils of four farm cropping management systems. Pedobiologia 43 430-438... 

Queslati O, Ben-Hammouda M, Ghorbal MH, Guezzah M, Kremer RJ (2005) Barley autotoxicity as influenced by varietal and seasonal variation. J Agron Crop Sci 191 249-254 Raimbault BA, Vyn TJ, Tollenaar M (1990) Com response to rye cover crop management and spring tillage systems. Agron J 82 1088-1093... 

The maintenance and improvement of soil fertility is a central objective of organic fanning, especially since many indirect regulation factors for crop management are based on a well functioning soil-plant relationship. 

More general calculations on CO2 emissions per hectare, based on average farm characteristics (crop management, rotation), are provided by Dammgen and Rogasik (1996), Rogasik et al. (1996), Haas and Kopke (1994) and SRU (1996) and are shown in Table 4-12. 

Table 4-19 shows data on energy consumption for different crops, both on a per hectare and per output unit scale. The determining factor for energy consumption of a specific crop is its cropping management, which includes tillage intensity, manuring and weed control. 

Because of their similar life cycles, habits, damage to corn, and apparent resistance to conventional corn rootworm insecticides, we could expect both the PSB and HBV to increase their densities and/or range throughout the Midwest much as the PSB has (9,12). These concerns are evident in the 1985 establishment of a multistate regional research effort entitled "Impact of integrated crop management practices on European corn borer and related stalk boring insects". 

Norris RF. 1999. Ecological implications of using thresholds for weed management. Journal of Crop Management 2(1) 31-58. 

Crop Management practices in organic crops Crop protection consequences as compared to conventional Reference... 

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