Crude total

Crude total anthocyanin content of edible portion of plant. 

Methods 1, 2, and 3 refer to the three main types of DNA preparations outlined in this chapter. Method 1 is the highly purified mtDNA preparation method 2 is the crude total cellular preparation full scale and method 3 is the crude total cellular DNA minipreparation. 

Method 2. Crude Total Cellular Preparation Full Scale I. Tissue Preparation and Grinding... 

Figure 2a shows the 13C NMR spectra of the following fractions of Kuwait crude total saturates, normal paraffins, and nonnormal paraffins. Figure 2b shows the corresponding spectra of isoparaffins and cycloparaffins. These fractions have been obtained from the scheme outlined in Figure 1. The spectra demonstrate the need for such detailed separation schemes, for the spectra of the total saturates are too detailed to allow any significant conclusions as to contributions from the various molecular types present.

Total saturate fraction Cycloparaffins of virgin crude Total saturates of 4-week biodegraded... 

Table V shows the concentrations of individual low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons in the water samples collected. The highest total concentration was 60/u,g/L (ppb) in the 5-ft water sample collected after the first Murban spill (39° API gravity crude). Total hydrocarbon concentrations in the other four samples ranged from 2 to 16 ppb. The difference is probably due to higher winds at the time of the first Murban spill.

Vasicinone (29) was found as a minor constituent in some plant species (see Table III). Physical data are as follows UV [)i. , nm] 227, 272, 302, 315 H NMR (CF3COOH) 87.3-7.8 (aromatic protons), 8.05 (C-8 H), 5.56 (C-3 H), 2.64 + 2.21 (C-2 Hj), 3.92 + 4.32 (C-1 H2). In each case 29 was accompanied by vasicine (28). It remains unclear whether 29 is already present in the plant or formed by autooxidation of vasicine (28). Pure 28 could be converted to 29 by autooxidation (87) or with 30% hydrogen peroxide (88). Vasicinone isolated from the crude total alkaloids was predominantly 1-29. The fact that the crude total alkaloids, when oxidized, yield 1- and d/-forms of 29 indicates that the racemization and oxidation take place simultaneously. A new synthesis of 29 was reported by Onaka (89) (Scheme 7). Reaction of anthranilic acid with O-methylbutyrolactim formed the pyrrolidinoquinazoline, which, with NBS, afforded the 2-monobromide. Treatment of this compound with AcONa-AcOH gave acetylvasicinone, which was converted to dl-29 in an overall yield of 17%. 

Vasicinone (37) is an oxidation product of vasicine. Mehta et al. 136) have found that the crude total alkaloids from Adhatoda vasica contain predominantly vasicine, but that gradual conversion of vasicine to vasicinone takes place during countercurrent distribution and partition chromatography, probably as a result of autooxidation. Pure vasicine similarly undergoes autooxidation to vasicinone. (37) has also been isolated from the seeds 121, 122, 136) and other parts 163, cf. 775) of Peganum harmala as well as Linaria transiliensis 164). The physical properties are as follows uv, max 227, 272, 302 and 315 nm ir, the short wavenumber part of the spectrum contains absorptions at 3115, 2924, 1658, 1454, 1385, 1331, 1291, 1209, 1179, 1104, 1080, 1028, 987, 970, 896, 883, 867, 854, 774, 749, 720, 694 cm H-nmr (CF3COOH), 5 7.3—7.8, aromatic protons 8.05, C8-H 5.56, C3-H 2.64-h2.21, C2-H2 3.92-h4.32, CI-H2. 

Stupid Sheep Counting. It cannot be denied that the above derivation of the numbers of isomers of higher symmetries, eqns. (17) — (19), is much simpler than the derivation of the total number, eqn. (16). The former set of equations, (17) - (19), is a part of the analysis according to the method of stupid sheep counting, but the total number I is obtained without the knowledge of U. Instead, a "crude total" is introduced and denoted by J. 

In the present problem of 2, k isomers the crude total (/) is the number of possible positions of a naphthalene corona hole in fc-circumovalene, irrespective of symmetry. Denote fc-circumovalene by where k = 0 corresponds to ovalene itself Oq. Then J is the number of... 

The potential of PET to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis was determined by the inhibition of the incorporation of [2- H]acetate and R-[2- C]mevalonate into cholesterol (21). Human hepatoma cells (Hep G2) were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (PCS) in 12-well culture dishes (3x10 cell/well) at 37 C for 48 hours. After transferring to fresh medium, cells were treated with PET and labeled precursors ([2- H]acetate 2.5 pCi R-[2- CJmevalonate, 1.3 pCi). Lovastatin, in hydroxy acid form (5 and 10 pM), was used as a positive control. Incorporation experiment was carried out at 37 °C for 2 hours. After removal of medium and extensive washing, cells were harvested and crude total lipids were collected and saponified. Unlabeled cholesteiyl oleate was used as a carrier in saponification. Cholesterol was recovered by extraction with n-hexane. Radioactivity was measured by using a liquid scintillation counter. 

---