Paraffin types

Three broad classes of crude petroleum exist the paraffin types, the asphaltic types, and the mixed-base types. The paraffin types are composed of molecules in which the number of hydrogen atoms is always two more than twice the number of carbon atoms. The characteristic molecules in the asphaltic types are naphthenes, composed of twice as many hydrogen atoms as carbon atoms. In the mixed-base group are both paraffin hydrocarbons and naphthenes. 

Other products proposed to give a combination of heat stabilisation and plasticisation are plasticiser thiols (44) and chlorinated paraffin types (168, 209). 

The heat of combustion (ASTM D-240, ASTM D-1405, ASTM D-2382, ASTM D-2890, ASTM D-3338, ASTM D-4529, ASTM D-4809, ASTM D-6446, IP 12) is a direct measure of fuel energy content and is determined as the quantity of heat liberated by the combustion of a unit quantity of fuel with oxygen in a standard bomb calorimeter. A high calorific value is obviously desirable in oil used for heating purposes. Calorific value does not, however, vary greatly in the range of paraffinic-type kerosene (ASTM D-240, IP 12). 

Burning oil kerosene contains three main types of hydrocarbons— paraffinic, naphthenic, and aromatic— with a preponderance of the paraffinic type. This is in contrast to power kerosene, or tractor vaporizing oil, which has a comparatively high content of aromatics and naphthenes favorable for high octane rating. It may also contain slight amounts of sulfur in the form of a variety of organic compounds. 

VI paraffinic type distillate Paraffinic type residuals ... 

In contrast, in the case of oil 3 (Table 5.4), which is a high VI paraffinic type with low aromatics content, clay treating actually increased the susceptibility of the base stock to oxidation, reducing the induction period from more than 5 hours to less than 1 hour. We saw previously that paraffinic-type base stocks frequently exhibit induction periods. The authors speculated that in this case the clay removed naturally occurring inhibitors, a conclusion we would still agree with. 

Inscut. [Toho Chem. Industiy] Paraffin-type mineral oil water-insoluble cutting oil. 

Paraffinic type (saturated n-alkanes) occurring in the Laghouat, Gassi Touile, Hassi R Mel and North Nezla oil pools. All these oils are confined to Triassic reservoirs, except for the North Nezla which belongs to an Ordovician reservoir. 

Naphthene-paraffinic type (saturated cycloalkanes, isoalkanes, more rich in naphthenic and aromatic components than the former type), occurring in the Cambro-Ordovician Hassi Messaoud,El-Gassi, Rhourde el-Baguel, Silurian Oulouga, Triassic Berkaoui and El-Bourma oil pools. 

Whereas fillers are applied using a roller machine, putties are usually applied by reverse roller, spray gun or curtain coater. Depending on the substrate, the application rate is between 50 and 200 g/m. Fillers are mainly formulated with paraffin-type UP resins or air-drying types which are UV-cured. For fillers cured with hy-droperoxide/cobalt, air-drying UP resins are normally used in combination with flexibilising resins. 

Uses Emulsifier, antistat solubilizer for vitamin oils, essential oils, balsam, and tar preps, in cosmetics emulsifier for petrol, oils, fats, soivs., and household waxes solubilizer for flavors emulsifier for paraffin type waxes for use in textile and paper coatings lubricant antistat food pkg. adhesives, paper food-contact defoamer and emulsifier RegMory FDA 21CFR 172.515,172.836,173.340,175.105,176.180, 176.210,178.3400 DOT nonregulated Properties Yel. vise, liq/paste disp. or sol. in most soivs. and oils disp. in water b.p. > 300 F HLB 15.0 sapon. no. 45.0-55.0 hyd. no. 81.0-96.0 flash pt. (COC) 300 F nonionic 97% cone. 

The charge density of the clay platelets induces the alkylammonium ions to adopt different structures between the clay layers like monolayers, bilayers, pseudotrimolecular layers, and paraffin-type monolayers, as shown in Figure 9.3. 

FIGURE 5 Arrangements of the alkyl chains in alkylarmnonium-exchanged 2 1 clay minerals (a) monolayers (b) bilayers (c) pseudotrimolecular layers of chains lying flat on the silicate surfaces and (d) paraffin-type structure. (After Ref. 28. Reprinted with permission from Elsevier, copyright 1986.)... 

FIGURE 10 Possible geometrical arrangements of intercalated alkylammonium ions in smectite interlayers (a) monolayer, (b) bilayer, and (c) pseudo-trimolecular layer paraffin-type arrangements with (d) monolayers and (e) bilayers. 

The adsorption of alkylamines from alcoholic solutions (ethanol, butanol, etc. to decanol) is also competitive, and both molecules are cointercalated. As long as the alkylamines form monolayers of flat-lying molecules, i.e., in water, ethanol, and butanol, the isotherms show a plateau. This plateau, however, does not give the true amount of amine adsorbed because water or alcohol molecules are also adsorbed. With longer-chain alcohols, the composite isotherms as a function of the molar fraction of amine increase to a second plateau that corresponds to the formation of paraffin-type bilayers (Fig. 30) [175]. 

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