Claddings

Although there is almost no practical limit to the thickness of coatings that can be produced by cladding, the application of the process is limited to simple-shaped articles that do not require much subsequent mechanical deformation. Among the principal uses are lead and cadmium sheathing for cables, lead-sheathed sheets for architectural applications, and composite extruded tubes for heat exchangers. 

In roll bonding, layers of two metals are mated by heavy rolling in a mill after the surfaces have been thoroughly cleaned and treated. Clad thicknesses of 5 to 10 percent of the base steel thickness are common. Some small areas of unbonded metal will be present. Two metals may also be coextruded through a die. 

Cladding can also be accomplished by other methods such as arc or gas welding in which relatively thick layers of weld metal are deposited either by manual or machine methods on surfaces. The interior of pulp digesters or other pressure vessels requiring an alloy composition to resist the chemical conditions can be constructed in this manner. 

In explosion bonding, a base metal and a covering metal coating are contacted, placed in an appropriate enclosure with the coating material on top. A layer of explosive is placed over the coating metal. When the explosion is activated, the resulting shock wave merges the two materials, as shown in Fig. 14.12. 

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This type of coil was prepared from copper cladded printed circuit board material by applying photolithographic techniques. The p.c. board material is available with difierent copper thicknesses and with either a stiff or a flexible carrier. The flexible material offers the opportunity to adapt the planar coil to a curved three dimensional test object. In our turbine blade application this is a major advantage. The thickness of the copper layer was chosen to be 17 pm The period of the coil was 100 pm The coils were patterned by wet etching, A major advantage of this approach is the parallel processing with narrow tolerances, resulting in many identical Eddy current probes. An example of such a probe is shown in fig. 10. 

When a block is inside, the entrance panel is closed and the inspection is ready to start. The inside of the stainless steel X-ray tubehead housing is clad in lead with an on/ofT shutter in front of a thin plastic X-ray window. The thin window is to ensure the IP 65 classification. The window is of plastic that is not affected by the cleaning agents. The on/off shutter is interlocked with the entrance and exit panels so X-rays can be kept on at all times without risk of radiation leakage or exposure of the frozen fish blocks prior to the actual inspection. 

The entire x-ray exposure cabinet including it s extension into the lower electrical cabinet is shielded with a minimum of one-inch of steel clad, lead plate with fiilly welded (fused lead) joints. The safety interlock switch on the cam-lock inter-face ... 

About 80% of the vanadium now produced is used as ferrovanadium or as a steel additive. Vanadium foil is used as a bonding agent in cladding htanium to steel. Vanadium pentoxide is used in ceramics and as a catalyst. 

There was one other event for us to remember. While December 10 is Nobel day in Sweden, December 13 is St. Lucia s day. We were awakened early morning by a knock on our door and were greeted by a singing group of white-clad girls carrying candles and a traditional... 

ALUMDIUMCOMPOUNDS - ALUMINIUMOXIDE(ALUMINA) - HYDRATED] (Vol 2) -use in explosive cladding p TALLIC COATINGS - EXPLOSIVELY CLAD TOTALS] (Vol 16)... 

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