Cladding for

Because of its low neutron absorption, zirconium is an attractive stmctural material and fuel cladding for nuclear power reactors, but it has low strength and highly variable corrosion behavior. However, ZircaHoy-2, with a nominal composition of 1.5 wt % tin, 0.12 wt % iron, 0.05 wt % nickel, 0.10 wt % chromium, and the remainder zirconium, can be used ia all nuclear power reactors that employ pressurized water as coolant and moderator (see... 

This is steel or aluminium sheet made in a continuous ribbon and wound tightly onto a bobbin to form a coil of metal. On a coil finishing line, the coil can be fitted at one end, and wound up pretreated, primed and finished on both sides at the other end. Sheets of painted metal can be cut from the coil and formed for use as the exterior cladding for, for example, industrial buildings and caravans. 

Cladding for steel and copper tubing for chemical processes. 

For low blast pressure applications, cold formed steel members can provide a cost effective cladding for buildings. Cold formed members include decking panels as well as "Z"and "C" shapes. Members complying with the requirements of ASTM A446 have yield strengths ranging from 33 ksi (228 MPa) to 65 ksi (450 MPa). 

As initial distribution corresponds to the linear mode (2.11) of the given waveguide, the deviation of T z) with respeet to unity may he eonsidered as a measure of the error in this method. The results presented in Fig.2 allow one to analyze the accuracy of the method depending on the type of finite-difference scheme (Crank-Nicholson" or Douglas" schemes have been applied) and on the method of simulation of conditions at the interface between the core and the cladding for both (2D-FT) and 2D problems. 

Cladding for the reactor vessel is a continuous integral surface of corrosion-resistant material, having -inch (0.56 centimeter) nominal thickness, and a f-inch minimum thickness. The reactor vessel is supported by four vertical columns located under the vessel inlet nozzles. These columns are designed to flex in the direction of horizontal thermal expansion and thus allow unrestrained heat-up and cool-down. The columns also act as a hold-down device for the vessel. The supports are designed to accept normal loads and seismic and pipe rupture accident loads. 

A similar strategy is employed to purify zirconium, which is used as cladding for fuel rods in nuclear reactors (Section 22.6). The crude metal is heated at about 200°C with a small amount of iodine in an evacuated container to form the volatile Zrl4. The Zrl4 is then decomposed to pure zirconium by letting the vapor come in contact with an electrically heated tungsten or zirconium filament at about 1300°C ... 

Cladding for optical fibers Coating for magnetic recording tape Coatings for textiles and leather Housings for office machines... 

Cladding for optical fibers Coating for magnetic recording tape Coatings for textiles and leather Housings for office machines Source Brady, R. F., Jr. in Modem Fluoropolymers (Scheirs, J., Ed.), John Wiley Sons, New York, p. 130, 1997 (With permission). 

CaO—(MgO)—AI2O3—Si02 Wolla tonite, 90-130 -950 65-85 2.6-2.8 Cladding for building... 

Graphite is used as cladding for nuclear fuel elements because of its low neutron-absorption cross section and good moderating properties, as well as its high temperature properties and high heat capacity. 

Use Cladding for nuclear fuel elements and other reactor applications. 

For the evaluation of the SIM technique in chemical sensors application, an experimental set-up was developed as shown in Fig. 31. A fiber-optic chemical sensor was prepared, using polyaniline as the modified cladding for a short MM sensing fiber. The spin-casting method was used for coating a thin layer of polyaniline material on the fiber core surface. Then, the modified fiber was tested for the detection of HCl vapor and NH3 gas. The sensor was tested by both the total intensity modulation and the SIM techniques. 

Yuan J (2001) Polymer materials as modified optical fiber cladding for chemical sensors. PhD Thesis, Drexel University, Pennsylvania, USA... 

Figure 3.38. The penetration depth, d, for the evanescent wave from the core into the cladding for three beams A, B and C E is the electric field strength.

Heat Exchanger Tube Material with Cladding for Brazement... 

Zirconium s major use is as cladding for nuclear reactors. It is ideal for this use, as it has a hmited ability to capture neutrons, strength at elevated temperatures, considerable corrosion resistance, and satisfactory neutron damage resistance. Almost all ores of zirconium contain about 2 percent of zirconium s sister element, hafnium (Hf). Hafnium readily absorbs neutrons and therefore must be completely separated and removed from zirconium before either element can be used in nuclear reactors. A major task of the Manhattan Project was the separation of hafnium from zirconium. The elements are the two most chemically similar in the Periodic Table. The recovered hafnium metal is used to make the control rods of nuclear reactors, as the metal readily absorbs neutrons. 

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