Cladding thickness

When clad metal is used, it is often specified as %-in. or A-in. minimum clad thickness. This is usually sufficient to allow proper weld connections. Care must be used in sealing all internal joints of clad material to prevent exposure of the base metal. 

Figure 10. Calculated variation with cladding thickness of the birefringence in a SOI ridge waveguide, for different Si02 cladding film stress values. The model waveguide is formed in a 2.2 [j,m thick Si layer and has a typical trapezoidal wet etched ridge profile, with a base width of 3.8 pm, a top width of 1.1 pm, and an etch depth or 1.47 pm.

Figure 11. Comparison of calculated and measured birefringence for different Si02 cladding thicknesses for a trapezoidal waveguide formed in a 2 im thick Si layer as shown in the inset. The ridge base width is 3.8 p,m, the top width is 1.1 pm, and the etch depth is 1.47 pm.

The copper clad Fiberglass-reinforced epoxy FR-4 laminates were supplied by Nelco Products, Fullerton, California. The copper clad thickness was 33 microns (1.4 mils = 0.0014 inch) which is equivalent to 1.0 oz. of copper per square inch. Laminates of the thicknesses 10, 21, 31, 39, and 93 mils were utilized in this investigation. 

Chen C, Caucheteur C, Megret P, Albert J (2007) The sensitivity characteristics of tilted fibre Bragg grating sensors with different cladding thicknesses. Meas Sci Technol 18 3117-3122... 

The gap thickness and the clad thickness are small compared to the radius of the fuel. 

Fig. 7 Calculated strain energy in the ceramic in ZS/Cu-clad-Mo joints with Ticusil, Cusil-ABA, Palco and Palni brazes as a function of % Cu cladding thickness per side on Mo substrate.

From the point of view of cost, it is preferable to use stainless steel-clad rebar instead of stainless steel rebar. It is estimated that the use of stainless steel-clad rebar provides an expected life of 50 years. The cost of stainless steel cladding can vary depending on the raw material market prices just like solid stainless steel, but also depends on the cladding manufacturer, cladding thickness, and the chosen grade of stainless steel. With proper quality control, stainless steel-clad rebar promises to be an effective means of control for bridge deterioration because of corrosion of reinforcing steel. 

It is not necessary to take credit for the cladding thickness. If it is elected not to take credit for the cladding thickness, then base all calculations on the full base metal thickness. This assumes the cladding is equivalent to a corrosion allowance, and no credit is taken for the strength of the cladding. 

Number of sub-assemblies per fuel element Number of fuel pins per sub-assembly Pin outer diameter, mm Clad thickness (min.), mm Pin overall length, mm Fuel pellet diameter mm Fuel pellet length, mm Fuel pellet density (min.), g/cm- Mean mass of uranium dioxide per pin, kg... 

Corrosion must be limited to that amount which will leave a nominal thickness of 7 mils of unaffected cladding thickness at end of life. This is considered to be the minimum thickness capable of surviving the normal reactor environment. The corrosion allowance is based on the best available data at the hot-spot temperature (excluding overpower allowance), including a large safety factor of 1.5. 

The pitdi of the fuel may be the same or gteat - that in CANDU, but the length of fuel bundle is the same. The fuel assembly design adopted is coming from CANDU6 fuel design tn iere in one bundle exists 37 rods of fuel, and each rod has the same outer dimensions. It is worth to mention here that the cladding thickness may be different... 

Moderator material and inventory HjO Active core height 3,68 m Equivalent core diameter 3,90 m Number of fiiel assemblies 500 Number of fuel rods/assembly 100 Rod array in assembly 4x5x5 Cladding material Zr 2 Clad thickness 0,6 mm Number of control rods or assemblies 121... 

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