Cladding layers

Hafnium tetrafluoride [13709-52-9] is one component in the cladding layer of a proposed zirconium fluoride glass optical waveguide fiber composition which is expected to have a lower intrinsic light absorption than fused quart2 optical fiber (see Glass Fiber optics Fluorine compounds, inorganic-zirconium). 

The aluminum alloys most commonly bonded are 2024 bare, 2024 clad and 7075 bare. Clad 7075 was also used extensively in early bonded structure but was largely abandoned after service performance demonstrated that it was susceptible to rapid dissolution or corrosion of the clad layer. Naturally aged tempers such as T3, in particular 2024-T3 because of its widespread use, are restricted to bonding with adhesives that cure at 250°F or below in order to avoid adversely affecting the temper. Various other alloys and tempers are bonded to a lesser extent, though the dominance of 7075 and 2024 is decreasing as higher-performance alloys and tempers are adopted. 

When the SRI is equal to the cladding one, the cladding layer becomes an infinitely extended medium and thus supports no discrete cladding modes. In this case, a broadband radiation mode coupling occurs with no distinct attenuation bands8. 

Fig. 18.2 Wavelength dependence of loss in ARROW waveguide for different antiresonant orders of cladding layers (see text)...

To fulfill both conditions for the first cladding layer simultaneously, one can either optimize for the material index or the desired emission wavelength. The two solutions are given by27... 

The second possibility is to make use of the continuous evanescent field that exists at the surface of an optical fiber. The cladding layer is replaced by a layer containing the fluorescent molecular sensor in a short portion of the optical fiber (Figure 10.45). At each reflection at the surface of the fiber core, the eva-... 

Assumes a <20 pm thick Nb cladding layer over a 130 pm steel core. Cost information is based on discussions with ATI Wah Chang, a leading worldwide producer of Nb sheet product. 

Assumes a 40 pm thick cladding layer over 110 pm steel core. 

Nanocomposites are being used in tires, in particular, tire inner liners. Here, less permeable inner layers are achieved by the introduction of clad layers, which allow the use of a thinner inner liner, resulting in an overall lighter tire. Tire inner layers are typically derived from butyl rubber, often halogenated butyl rubber. 

The arrow pointing from the initial location at c = 0.3 to the left indicates the evolution of the concentration away from the center of the heated line and at the window surfaces, corresponding to the blue cladding layers in Fig. 12. These regions represent the cold side with a reduced PDMS and increased PEMS concentration that are shifted further into the stable region, away from the phase boundary. 

Deposition of cladding layers must be compatible with the active electro-optic layer. In particular, the solvents used in spin casting of the cladding layer... 

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