Waveguide claddings

Such a behavior of the total field is observed provided that the beam power is smaller than a definite value P which depends on the waveguide width (for a = 1.8pm, P 8). The spatial dynamics of a light beam with P > Pi is more complicated because nonlinear self-effects in radiation field increase so that the formation of soliton-like light beams propagating in the waveguide cladding is observed. 

The fine-tuning of the effective refractive index with the template, temperature, and rate of thermal treatment or growing mixed MTFs opens new opportunities for the design of low- materials, that is, eff < 1.2 valuable for many apphcations, such as waveguide claddings or optical resonators [36]. 

Hafnium tetrafluoride [13709-52-9] is one component in the cladding layer of a proposed zirconium fluoride glass optical waveguide fiber composition which is expected to have a lower intrinsic light absorption than fused quart2 optical fiber (see Glass Fiber optics Fluorine compounds, inorganic-zirconium). 

Figure 1. Optical waveguides - a) dielectric slab waveguide, b) dielectric strip waveguide, and c) dielectric channel waveguides, d) optical fiber, e) metal-clad dielectric waveguide, and f) (degenerated) metal-dielectric waveguide.

Fig. 2.4 BPM simulation results for polymer microring resonators (a) Round trip attenuation vs. the core cladding index contrast and radius of curvature, (b) Coupling induced attenuation vs. the length and gap of the coupler. The width and height of the waveguide is 2 pm. The wavelength used in the calculations is 1.55 pm. Reprinted from Ref. 15 with permission. 2008 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers...

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