Clad plates

Explosive cladding can be achieved over areas that are limited only by the size of the available cladding plate and by the magnitude of the explosion that can be tolerated. Areas as small as 1.3 cm (17) and as large as 27.9 m (18) have been bonded. 

The clad plate is x-rayed perpendicular from the steel side and the film contacts the aluminum. Radiography reveals the wavy interface of explosion-welded, aluminum-clad steel as uniformly spaced, light and dark lines with a frequency of one to three lines per centimeter. The waves characterize a strong and ductile transition joint and represent the acceptable condition. The clad is interpreted to be nonbonded when the x-ray shows complete loss of the wavy interface (see X-ray technology). 

Pressure- Vessel Standards. Explosion-clad plates for pressure vessels are tested according to the appHcable ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Specifications. Unfired pressure vessels using clads are covered by ASTM A263, A264, and A265 these include tensile, bend, and shear tests (see Tanks AND pressure vessels). 

Pig. 10. Double-v inlay, batten-strap technique for fusion welding of an explosion-clad plate containing titanium and zirconium. 

A number of pool, also called swimming pool, reactors have been built at educational institutions and research laboratories. The core in these reactors is located at the bottom of a large pool of water, 6 m deep, suspended from a bridge. The water serves as moderator, coolant, and shield. An example is the Lord nuclear reactor at the University of Michigan, started in 1957. The core is composed of fuel elements, each having 18 aluminum-clad plates of 20% enriched uranium. It operates at 2 MW, giving a thermal flux of 3 x 10 (cm -s). The reactor operates almost continuously, using a variety of beam tubes, for research purposes. 

Part UHT also contains more stringent details for nozzle welding that are required for some of these hi -strength materials. Part UCI has rules for cast-iron construction. Part UCL has rules for welded vessels of clad plate as lined vessels, and Part UCD has rules for ductile-iron pressure vessels. 

Lined vessels are used for many applications. Any type of lining can be used in an ASME Code vessel, provided it is compatible with the metal of the vessel and the contents. Glass, rubber, plastics, rare metals, and ceramics are a few types. The hning may be installed separately, or if a metal is used, it may be in the rorm of clad plate. The cladding on plate can sometimes be considered as a stress-carrying part of the vessel. 

Pressure vessels are constructed from plain carbon steels, low and high alloy steels, other alloys, clad plate, and reinforced plastics. 

These products derived from DuPont research consist of two or more flat metals joined metallurgically to yield clad plates fully meeting ASTM ASME codes. The expin-bonding process permits manuf of a wide variety of Detaclad products, ranging from a combination of more conventional metals and alloys, such as stainless steel and nickel on carbon steel, to noble metals on steel, stainless steel or other metals... 

Detaclod Process or Explosive Cladding. (Explosive Bonding). This process developed in US ca I960 consists of bonding dissimilar metals into "clad plates by using precisely controlled detonation of large quantities of explosives. Clads are essentially structures... 

Title of brief paper in C EN 42, Aug 31, 1964, p 46. It describes achievements of DuPont in cladrplate market and the fabrication by Nooter Corp of St Louis, Mo of four chemical process vessels for Amoco, using DuPont s titanium-clad plates... 

Designs for gaseons hydrogen service shonld inclnde the following features (1) Plate materials, including clad plate, shonld be nltrasonically examined for laminations (see ASTM A578). Weld repair of laminations shonld not be permitted. (2) Pressnre-containing and internal attachment welds should be full penetration. (3) Pocketed weldments snch as reinforcement pads shonld be vented. Internal attachment welds that cannot be fnll penetration, such as tray support welds, should also be vented. 

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