Mercury lamp

HID fixtures include those using mercury vapor and sodium vapor lamps. Mercury vapor fixtures are usually less expensive than sodium... 

Use caution when handling the mercury lamp. Mercury is toxic. 

Keywords Fluorescent lamps Mercury dosing Producer Responsibility Fund Producer Responsibility Organization... 

Fluorescent lamp coatings, ethylene oxide polymers in, 10 688-689 Fluorescent lamps, mercury in, 16 41 Fluorescent lighting phosphors, cerium application, 5 688-689 Fluorescent photo-induced electron transfer (PET) sensor, 24 54 Fluorescent pigments, for inks, 14 318 Fluorescent probes, 11 150 16 388 modified-base oligonucleotides as, 17 633-634... 

Irradiation Mercury lamps Mercury lamps Fluorescent tubes Black fluorescent lamps Black fluorescent lamps Solar... 

Spectral outputs of some typical metal halide lamps compared to that of the standard mercury lamp mercury barrier discharge lamp (a) mercury barrier discharge lamp, (b) iron additive lamp, and (c) gallium additive lamp. (Courtesy of American Ultraviolet Company.)... 

Type of UV lamp Mercury Gallium-doped mercury Microwave or arc lamps... 

The critical property of the Mercat process [3-8] that gives it its selectivity is that only Hg atoms in the vapor phase undergo reaction, because their absorption line is narrow and matched with the sharp emission line of the lamp. Mercury dissolved in the liquid phase has a broadened and shifted absorption band and Hg in solution has a short excited-state lifetime, so the liquid phase undergoes no significant reaction. In the vapor, Eqs. (2)—(5) produce the dehydro dimer, which condenses. 

Absorption spectra were measured on a Hitachi U-3500 spectrophotometer. Photoirradiation was carried out by using a USHIO 500-W super high-pressure mercury lamp. Mercury lines of 313, 365, 517 and 578 nm were isolated by passing the light through a combination of a Toshiba band-pass filter (UV-D33S) or sharp cut filter (Y-48, Y-52) and monochromator. 

Dehydrodimerization. On excitation with a mercury vapor lamp, mercury is converted to an excited state, Hg, which can convert a C—H bond into a carbon radical and a hydrogen atom. This process can result in dehydrodimerization, which has been known for some time, but which has not been synthetically useful because of low yields when carried out in solution. Brown and Crabtree1 have shown that this reaction can be synthetically useful when carried out in the vapor phase, in which the reaction is much faster than in a liquid phase, and in which very high selectivities are attainable. Secondary C—H bonds are cleaved more readily than primary ones, and tertiary C—H bonds are cleaved the most readily. Isobutane is dimerized exclusively to 2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutane. This dehydrodimerization is also applicable to alcohols, ethers, and silanes. Cross-dehydrodimerization is also possible, and is a useful synthetic reaction. 

See also antimony-xenon, lamp, mercury-xenon lamp (arc). 

For metal halide lamps, mercury is used to initiate and maintain conduction through the lamp. Its arc provides the heat for vaporizing the metal halide, ionizing it and raising the bulb temperature to aid in the revaporization of any deposited metal on its surface. 

Light source Tungsten filament lamp LEDs, xenon flashlamp LEDs Tungsten halogen lamp Xenon flash- lamp Mercury vapour lamp Tungsten halogen lamp... 

High-pressure mercury lamps (mercury vapor pressure during operation 10 Pa). 

Cinnabar is a natural mercury(II) sulfide, HgS, found near volcanic rocks and hot springs. It is the only important source of mercury, which has many uses, including dental amalgams, thermometers, and mercury vapor lamps. Mercury is formed in the following endothermic reaction when mercury(II) sulfide is heated. Consider a system in which a sample of HgS in a closed container is heated with a Bunsen burner flame. 

Fluorescent lamps. No viable replacement has yet been discovered for mercury in general-purpose fluorescent lamps. Mercury-free xenon-based fluorescent discharges are available in a flat-panel format, suitable for back lighting of liquid crystal displays, but the efficiency is approximately 30% of a normal mercury-based fluorescent lamp therefore, this technology is enviromnentally counterproductive for general lighting applications. 

While some of the mid-IR sources emit light below 400 cm the intensity drops off. A more useful source for the far-IR region is the high pressure mercury discharge lamp. This lamp is constructed of a quartz bulb containing elemental Hg, a small amount of inert gas, and two electrodes. When current passes through the lamp, mercury is vaporized, excited. 

W ultra high pressure Hg lamp 500 W ultra high pressure Hg lamp 500 W ultra high pressure Hg lamp Mercury arc lamp source (250 mW)... 

Pentaerythrityl-tris-(B-(N-aziridinyl) propionate Trimethylolpropane tris-(B-(N-aziridinyl) propionate) aquaculture Docosahexaenoic acid arachidyl alcohol source Arachidic acid arc lamps, mercury vapor Mercury... 

A mercury-vapor lamp is a gas discharge lamp which uses mercury in an excited state to produce light. They also offer a very long hfetime, as well as intense lighting. Like fluorescent lamps, mercury-vapor lamps usually require a starter which is usually contained within the mercury-vapor lamp itself. 

Fields related to electricity switch case, housing (washing machine, refrigerator, ventilator, pump, room cooler, etc.), fluorescent lamp, mercury lamp cover, antenna cover, door horn, metacover... 

Figure 13. Line and continuous spectra from various light sources ----= Xenon lamp -------= Mercury vapor arcs .= Hydrogen lamp...

---