Precautions chlorine

Using the ephedrine or of excess chi on the ephedr example takes ephedrine to chlorinating precautions a taking one s also wise to... 

Fawkes, J., D.B. Walters and J.D. McKinney, Neutron Activation Analysis of Organically Bound Chlorine. Precautions... 

Environmental awareness is a prime concern in all KOH plants. Safety precautions required in KOH and chlorine operations are well documented in operating manuals and sales brochures pubUshed by all commercial producers. Discharges of waste effluents containing mercury are strictly forbidden. 

Dichlorine monoxide is the anhydride of hypochlorous acid the two nonpolar compounds are readily interconvertible in the gas or aqueous phases via the equilibrium CI2 O + H2 0 2H0Cl. Like other chlorine oxides, CI2O has an endothermic heat of formation and is thus thermodynamically unstable with respect to decomposition into chlorine and oxygen. Dichlorine monoxide typifies the chlorine oxides as a highly reactive and explosive compound with strong oxidhing properties. Nevertheless, it can be handled safely with proper precautions. 

All of the chlorobenzenes are now produced by chlorination of benzene in the Hquid phase. Ferric chloride is the most common catalyst. Although precautions are taken to keep water out of the system, it is possible that the FeCl3H20 complex catalyst is present in most operations owing to traces of moisture in benzene entering the reactor. This FeCl3H20 complex is probably the most effective catalyst (13). 

Chlorine is a highly toxic gas, and strict precautions are necessary to minimize risk to workers and possible releases during its handling. Major sources of fugitive air emissions of chlorine and hydrogen are vents, seals, and transfer operations. 

A special precaution is imperative in handling elemental fluorine and chlorine tnfluoride. Both gases are extremely corrosive and so reactive that they are very seldom used without dilution with inert gases such as nitrogen, helium, or argon. Fluorine is now available in mixtures with nitrogen. Fluorine is very toxic in... 

Electrolysis of sodium chloride in presence of nitrogenous compounds to produce chlorine may lead to formation of explosive nitrogen trichloride. Precautions are detailed. 

MRH values calculated for 31 combinations with oxidisable materials are given [1]. Flammability limits and auto-ignition temperatures for a number of mixtures with organic fuels are measured and reviewed. All experimental work reported is in the vapour phase, detonation is common. Precautions for chlorination reactions are considered [2],... 

It may disproportionate explosively to lead(II) chloride and chlorine above 100°C [1]. Preparative precautions are detailed [2],... 

Chlorine at the percentage level at which it occurs in sea water is usually determined by classical procedures using standard silver nitrate as the titrant and potassium chromate indicator, or alternatively by the mercuric thiocyanate procedure using dithizone as indicator. As large dilutions of the original sample are involved in these analyses, it is essential to use grade A glassware and take all other suitable precautions, such as temperature control. 

Although the amperometric titrimetric method has been accepted as a standard method for the determination of total residual chlorine in chlorinated effluents [2], recent reports [3,4] have suggested that in the case of chlorinated waters, significant errors may occur if certain precautions are not taken. Furthermore, somewhat opposing views were presented in these reports on what the optimal procedure might be. 

Regarding isolation and decontamination, Standard Precautions are recommended for healthcare personnel. Person-to-person transmission is rare. Victims exposed to Q fever by aerosol do not present a risk for secondary contamination or re-aerosolization of the organism. Decontamination can be done with soap and water, or a 0.5 percent chlorine solution on personnel. 

Safety precautions applicable to direct liquid phase fluorination of aromatic compounds are discussed [1]. Attention is drawn to the hazards attached to the use of many newer fluorinating agents [2], In a study of fluorination reactions of hafnium and zirconium oxides by the fluoroxidisers xenon difluoride, chlorine trifluoride and bromine trifluoride, reactivity decreased in the order given [3],... 

Many compounds containing one or more N—X bonds show unstable or explosive properties (and are also oxidants), and this topic has been reviewed [1]. Difluoroamino compounds, ranging from difluoramine and tettafluorohydrazine to polydifluoroamino compounds, are notably explosive and suitable precautions have been detailed [2,3], Preparative scale A-chlorination of ly and 2y amines by passing them over N-chlorosuccinimide is described. In presence of alumina, ly amines give the N,N -dichloro derivatives. The products must be handled with... 

In a hood, through a rapidly stirred suspension of 76 gm (0.396 mole) of cyclohexanoneazine in 300 ml of petroleum ether (b.p. 60°-90°C) cooled to —60°C is passed a slow stream of gaseous chlorine until a slight excess of the gas is noted. The excess of chlorine is removed by ventilation at the water aspirator. Then the solution is concentrated to half-volume by gentle evaporation at reduced pressure. The reaction system is filtered free from tarry impurities and the filtrate is allowed to stand for 24 hr at room temperature. The product gradually separates out and is isolated by filtration. Evaporation of the mother liquor may afford another crop of product. The total yield is 81.5 gm (78 %). The product, after recrystallization from petroleum ether, has a melting point of 66°C. (NOTE Since aliphatic azo compounds are inherently unstable and may serve as free radical sources, the stability of the product should always be checked with due precautions, and excessive exposure to heat should always be avoided.)... 

The first ratio gives the relation between the mol. wt. of oxygen as standard and the mol. wt. of potassium chloride the second gives the relation between potassium chloride and silver and the third the relation between silver and chlorine. J. S. Stas work on at. wt. has been deservedly eulogized. For many years it was considered to be so near perfection as was possible to man. J. S. Stas seemed to have taken the most subtle precautions to exclude errors of manipulation, and to ensure the purity of his materials. He also followed the advice of J. J. Berzelius, for, in order to eliminate constant errors, he used materials from different sources, and followed many different paths in arriving at his results. Only when consistent values were obtained by different methods did he assume that the results were reliable. The following outline will give an idea of the plan of J. S. Stas work ... 

The rapidity with which sulphuric acid decomposes potassium chlorate is well known. If small quantities of the salt are treated with the acid, with the precaution of fusing the salt in the retort and, when cold, pouring sulphuric acid on the mass, the violence of tho reaction is rednced, and, at a convenient temp., a gas is disengaged which can be collected over mercury, and which is designated deutoxide of chlorine. The residue in the retort contains potassium sulphate, and sparingly soluble unknown salt of a new acid (perchloric acid). 

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