Dilution with inert gases

120] to prepare many perfluoroalkanes [111, 121] and perfluoroadamantane derivatives as well as functional perfluoro compounds (Table 2.4 in Section E, below). 

In a related aerosol fluorination technique [122-124], a substrate is absorbed onto fine particles of sodium fluoride which are then sprayed into a stream of dilute fluorine many perfluorinated highly branched and cyclic alkanes have been prepared by this method. 

CHjl-OCHjCHj-lnCHj + CF2=CFCF3 -------- - RfhCHjI-OCHCHj-IqCHjRph 

Polyethylene vessels may be treated with fluorine in a blow moulding process (Airopak , Air Products) so as to provide a fluorocarbon coating [134], but it seems highly unlikely that this treatment can be regarded as simply providing a polytetrafluoroethene (PTFE) 

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A special precaution is imperative in handling elemental fluorine and chlorine tnfluoride. Both gases are extremely corrosive and so reactive that they are very seldom used without dilution with inert gases such as nitrogen, helium, or argon. Fluorine is now available in mixtures with nitrogen. Fluorine is very toxic in... 

Some reactants in atmospheric-pressure reactors must be highly diluted with inert gases to prevent vapor-phase precipitation, while generally no dilution is necessary at low pressure. However, atmospheric pressure reactors are simpler and cheaper. They can operate faster, on a continuous basis and, with recent design improvements, the quality of the deposits has been upgraded considerably and satisfactory deposits of many materials, such as oxides, are obtained. 

CF3OCI has been discussed ), fluorine (F2, diluted with inert gases), xenon difluoride (XeF2), acetyl hypofluorite (MeC02F), and related compounds. As basic aspects of reactions using some of these reagents have been described by Penglis in this Series, developments after 1978 will mainly be described. 

As Kang el al. [3] have reported, counter-flow diffusion flames are located on the oxidizer side when hydrocarbons are the fuel. Appropriate dilution with inert gases of both the fuel and oxidizer streams, frequently used in the co-flow situation, can position the flame on the fuel side. It has been shown [4] that the criterion for the flame to be located on the fuel side is... 

Of the chlorine oxides only chlorine dioxide has achieved industrial significance. It is a gas at room temperature. As a result of its explosive properties, it can only utilized in situ and even then has to be diluted with inert gases (nitrogen, carbon dioxide) to 10 to 15% (by volume). 

The detonation cell size is a parameter characterizing non one-dimensional structure of a detonation wave. The detonation mixture reactivity changes with variations of the mixture composition, its initial temperature and pressure when the mixture is diluted with inert gases. All these parameters lead to changes in the detonation cell size. 

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