Chlorinated phthalate ester

Another source of flame retardancy for flexible vinyls can be found in dioctyl tetra-bromophthalate (BrDOP). BrDOP imparts excellent flame retardancy with relatively low smoke production. Also its structure is reported to be very stable (5 percent weight loss at 290 °C), well beyond the processing range of most vinyl compounds) with low volatility (Table 9.6). BrDOP is used for plenum grade vinyls and other high-end FR-PVC applications. One manufacturer claims that mixed halogen (bromine and chlorine) phthalate esters have improved mechanical properties in addition to excellent FR properties (Table 9.6). ... 

PCBs, chlorinated pesticides phthalate esters, and sludge-... 

In non-saline sediments aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons, phthalate esters carboxylic acids, uronic acid aldoses chloroaliphatics haloaromatics chlorophenols chloroanisoles polychlorobiphenyls polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins poychlorodibenzofurans various organosulphur compounds, chlorinated insecticides, organophosphorus insecticides mixtures of organic compounds triazine herbicides arsenic and organic compounds of mercury and tin. 

In interpreting the data for the total petroleum hydrocarbons in a sample, the amount of moisture cannot be ignored because moistme blocks the extraction of petroleum hydrocarbons by another hydrocarbon (Freon). Potentially, sulfm or phthalate compounds also interfere with total petroleum hydrocarbons analyses. This is similar to the problem of strong interferences from phthalate esters or chlorinated solvents when one is using electron capture methods to look for chlorinated compounds such as polycholorbiphenyls or pesticides. 

The solvent extract should be subjected to one or more cleanup steps for the removal of interfering substances. The presence of phthalate esters, sulfur, or other chlorinated compounds can mask pesticide peaks. The extract should, therefore, be cleaned up from the interfering substances using a florisil column or by gel permeation chromatography (see Chapter 1.5). The distribution patterns for the pesticides in the florisil column fractions are presented in Table 2.20.2. 

Because PCBs produce multiple peaks, extra care should be taken to identify the genuine peaks from any other contaminants, such as phthalate esters, sulfur or chlorinated pesticides, and herbicides, to avoid any false positive inference. The following steps should be taken for the qualitative determination ... 

Highly selective to halogenated and oxygenated compounds Electron capture detector EDB, DBCP (EPA 8011) Acrylamide (EPA 8032) Phenols (EPA 8041) Phthalates (EPA 8061) Organochlorine pesticides (EPA 8081) PCBs (EPA 8082) Nitroaromatics and cyclic ketones (EPA 8091) Haloethers (EPA 8111) Chlorinated herbicides (EPA 8151) CLP SOW for organic analysis Interferences from Elemental sulfur (S8) Waxes, lipids, other high molecular weight compounds Phthalate esters, which are common laboratory contaminants Oil in PCB analysis... 

Plasticizers Phthalate esters, trialkyl phosphates, adipates, chlorinated paraffins, high molecular-weight polyesters, epoxy derivatives... 

A considerable range of plasticizers is available but those used most commonly are phthalate esters such as dioctyl or dinonyl phthalate (DOP or DNP). If it should be necessary to reduce the temperature of fusion, or to increase the rate of fusion (as with some expandable plastisols) a fast-solvating plasticizer such as butyl benzyl phthalate may be employed. Besides primary plasticizers such as these, less efficient secondary plasticizers (like chlorinated paraffins) can be included with a view to reducing costs and improving flame retardance. 

Plasticisers Chlorinated paraffin, hydrogenated terphenyls, phthalate esters, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate... 

OTHER COMMENTS used in the manufacture of phthaleins, phthalates, benzoic acid, synthetic indigo, and artificial resins used as a chemical intermediate for dioctyl phthalates, phthalate plasticizers, and many phthalate esters used as a hardener for resins and polyesters employed in the synthesis of phenolphthalein, chlorinated products, diethyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, and pharmaceutical intermediates. 

Hydrophobic compounds are commonly considered to be those compounds extractable with immiscible semi- or non-polar organic solvents. Included in this group are long-chain fatty acids, fatty acid esters and waxes, long-chain alcohols, steroids, hydrocarbons, phospholipids and anthropogenic compounds (e.g. chlorinated hydrocarbons, oil hydrocarbons, phthalate esters). 

Chem. Descrip. Phthalate ester of tech, hydroabietyl alcohol Uses Tackifier for NR, SBR, NBR, CR, chlorinated rubbers, EVA, acrylics, polyamides for cements, hot-melt and pressure-sensitive adhesives, sealants, tapes, laminants, specialty nitrocellulose lacquers, printing inks Properties Pale solid sol. in esters, ketones, higher alcohols, coal tar, petrol, hydrocarbons dens. 1.05 kg/l soften, pt. 63 C acid no. 6 sapon. no. 129 ref. index 1.527 Cellosize ER-15M [Dow]... 

By designing around the use of PVC backing, this innovative carpet tile adhesive not only avoids production of unhealthy and unsafe compounds, like vinyl chloride monomer, chlorine-based products, plasticized PVC-containing phthalate esters, and toxic byproducts of combustion of PVC, such as dioxin and hydrochloric acid, but also makes it impossible for these compoimds to be released into the environment as a result of a terrorist-provoked catastrophe, or unintended accident at their place of manufacture, transport, storage, or use. 

A plasticizer is one of the important additives extensively used for PVC, and its main role is to soften products, improve their resistance to low temperature, and make them easy to process. Plasticizers are generally liquid organics with a high boiling point, and few are solid with a low melting point and rubber-type polymers. The vast majority of plasticizers are phthalate esters others are phosphate esters, dibasic acid esters of fatty acids, and chlorinated hydrocarbons. At present, 80% of plastics enterprises in China commonly use dioctyl-phthalate (DOP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and phthalate isono-nylphthalate (DINP), which are still widely used in soft articles such as PVC hose, thin film, man-made leather, and so forth. 

Synthetic resins are useful for removing some pollutant solutes from wastewater. Organophilic resins have proven useful for the removal of alcohols aldehydes ketones hydrocarbons chlorinated alkanes, alkenes, and aryl compounds esters, including phthalate esters and pesticides. Cation exchange resins are effective for the removal of heavy metals. 

Florisil column Phthalate esters, nitrosamines, organo-chlorine pesticides, PCBs, chlorinated hydrocarbons, organophos-phorus pesticides... 

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