Compounds anthropogenic

L. Fishbeia, "Anthropogenic Compounds," ia G. Hutziager, A., Aromatic Amenes, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Vol. 3, Spriager-Vedag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo, 1984. 

Aromatic and aliphatic bromine compounds play an important role as industrial products, e.g. special products are widely used as flame retardants for polymeric materials (ref. 1). Because there is an increasing interest and concern about the behaviour and fate of anthropogenic compounds in the environment (ref. 2), we have studied the physical behaviour and chemical reactivity of these products which are relevant to the environment. The main object is the study of their thermal behaviour during incineration, as well as photolytic reactions. Of prime concern is... 

The extent to which this occurs depends on a number of issues (Finlayson-Pitts and Pitts 1997), including the reactivity of the hydrocarbon that is itself a function of many factors. It has been proposed that the possibility of ozone formation is best described by a reactivity index of incremental hydrocarbon reactivity (Carter and Atkinson 1987, 1989) that combines the rate of formation of O3 with that of the reduction in the concentration of NO. The method has been applied, for example, to oxygenate additives to automobile fuel (Japar et al. 1991), while both anthropogenic compounds and naturally occurring hydrocarbons may be reactive. 

Bock KJ, Stache H (1982) In Hutzinger O (ed) The handbook of environmental chemistry, anthropogenic compounds, 3 (part B). Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, p 36... 

The tar balls were small pea-size globules consisting of a complex mixture of anthropogenic compounds and were completely soluble in dichloromethane ... 

TABLE II. Sediment Accumulation Factors for Some of the Anthropogenic Compounds from the Plant. 

The sediment concentrations of anthropogenic compounds in the cove were somewhat less variable than upstream this probably reflects the greater bottom uniformity of the cove. Fewer of the plant s compounds were detected in sediment from the channel where the cove leads into the brackish river (Point 18, Figure 1). Found at this location were various phenols (no. 28, 30a, 30b, 31, 33, 38, 39), di-t-butyl-benzoqui-none (no. 57), 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (no. 35), three benzotriazoles (no. 6, 10, 12), 4,4 -dichloro-3(trifluoromethyl) carbanilide (no. 77), and 2-chloro-4,6-bis-isopropylamino-s-triazine (no. 14). The only compounds from the plant detected in the sediment sample from the brackish river (Point 19) were the two high molecular weight benzotriazoles (no. 10 and 12) and methyl 3-(3 ,5 -di-t-butyl-4 -hydroxphenyl) propionate (no. 46). 

Perchlorate is another anthropogenic compound, which may contaminate surface and gronnd waters. The occurrence of natural perchlorate is limited to extremely dry environments, snch as the Atacama desert. Large kinetic isotope effects during microbial rednction of perchlorate have been observed by Sturchio et al. (2003) and Ader et al. (2008), which may be used to document in-situ bioremediation. 

Hydroquinone is both a natural and an anthropogenic compound. It occurs naturally as a conjugate with (3-D-glucopyranoside in the leaves, bark and fruit of a number of plants, especially the ericaceous shrubs such as cranberry cowberry bearberry and blueberry. It may be released to the environment as a fugitive emission during its production, formulation and use as a chemical intermediate, photographic chemical and stabilizer (United States National Library of Medicine, 1997). Users of skin-bleaching formulations may be exposed to hydroquinone. 

The series Volume 3 Anthropogenic Compounds describes synthetic compounds, and compound classes as well as elements and naturally occurring chemical entities which are mobilized by man s activities. 

Butte, W. (2004b) Synthetic musks in house dust, in Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Series Anthropogenic Compounds, Vol. 3 X (Volume eds O. Hutzinger and G.G. Rimkus), Springer, Berlin, Germany, pp. 105-21. 

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