Cetyl alcohol, lubrication

The most commonly used suspending agents are cellulose derivatives, poly-aciylate salts, starch, poly(vinyl alcohol), gelatin, talc, and clay derivatives (95). The important function these agents must serve is to prevent the coalescence of monomer droplets during the course of the polymerization (114). Thickeners can also be added to improve suspension quality (95). Other additives such as lauryl alcohol, stearyl acid or cetyl alcohol lubricants and di- or trivinyl benzene, dial-lyl esters of dibasic acids, and glycol dimethacrylates cross-linkers are used to improve bead imiformity and bead performance properties. 

Other constituents may be added to assist in the formation of uniform beads or to influence the use properties of the polymers through plasticization or cross-linking. These include lubricants, such as lauryl or cetyl alcohol and stearic acid, and cross-linking monomers such as di- or trivinylbenzene, diaHyl esters of dibasic acids, and glycol dimethacrylates. 

The marine animal waxes are both solid and liquid. The solid marine animal waxes are represented by a wax of considerable economic importance, namely spermaceti, derived from a concrete obtained from the head of the sperm whale. The liquid waxes of marine animals arc represented by speim oil obtained from the blubbei and cavities in the head of the sperm whale. Spermaceti is the wax used in the candle which defines our unit of candle power it is used chiefly as a base for ointments, cerates, etc. Sperm oil contains a considerable amount of esters made up of unsaturated alcohols and acids, both of which are susceptible to hydrogenation. Hydrogenated sperm oil is the equivalent of spermaceti wax and harder than the commercial pressed spermaceti. Both yield cetyl alcohol as the unsaponifiable. There is a fairly large demand for cetyl alcohol in the manufacture of lipstick, shampoo, and other cosmetics. Sperm oil itself is an excellent lubricant for lubricating spindles of cotton and woolen mills, or wherever there is need for a very light, limpid, nongummmg lubricant. 

In suppositories cetyl alcohol is used to raise the melting point of the base, and in modified-release dosage forms it may be used to form a permeable barrier coating. In lotions, creams, and ointments cetyl alcohol is used because of its emollient, water-absorptive, and emulsifying properties. It enhances stability, improves texture, and increases consistency. The emollient properties are due to absorption and retention of cetyl alcohol in the epidermis, where it lubricates and softens the skin while imparting a characteristic velvety texture. 

The cold pressing is carried out in hardened steel dies. The carbide powder is first mixed with 0.5-5% of binder lubricants, such as paraffin, camphor, Carbowax, cetyl alcohol, or beeswax dissolved in nonaqueous inert solvents such as benzene, isopropyl alcohol, or methyl alcohol. The bonded carbide powder is granulated by forcing through a screen and then loaded into the dies. The density of the cold-pressed pellets may be as high as 80% of theoretical, and the sintered pellets may be densified to 90% of theoretical. The optimum sintering condition is 1800°C for 4 h. 

Definition Ester of cetyl alcohol and ricinoleic acid Empiricai C34H66O3 Formuia CH3(CH2)sCHOHCH2CH-CH(CH2)7COOCH3(CH2)i4CH2 Uses Emollient for cosmetics and pharmaceutical topicals lubricant, moisturizer, emulsifier, vise, builder for cosmetics, creams/lotions, lipstick, lip balm, sunscreen, soaps solubilizer for benzophenone Manuf./Distrib. ASiE Connock http //www. connock. co. uk Trade Name Synonyms Jeechem CER [Jeen Int l. http //www.Jeen.com]-, Liponate CRM [Lipo http //www.lipochemicals.com], Naturechem CR [CasChem... 

Definition Ester of cetyl alcohol and stearic acid Empirical C34H68O2 Formula CH3(CH2)i6COO(CH2)i5CH3 Properties Wh. solid m.w. 508.91 m.p. 56 C Uses Emollient, lubricant for cosmetics conditioner, opacifier, gloss aid for hair care prods. antistat, processing lubricant for plastics plasticizer, lubricant in food-contact PS... 

Internal lubricants are chemicals which lubricate the flow of PVC molecules within the melt.They are rarely necessary in plasticized PVC compounds but they are essential for unplasticized compounds. Wax and wax derivatives, glyceryl esters of fatty acids, long chain alcohols such as stearyl, cetyl alcohols and long chain esters such as cetyl palmitate are most commonly used. Concentrations depends on the munber of lubricants used to get the desired balance of behavior. Total concentration rarely exceed 4 phr. The normal concentration of intemal/extemal lubricants is between 0.2-2.0 phr. 

Chem. Descrip. Mineral oil, PEG-30 lanolin, and cetyl alcohol Uses Self-emulsifying cosmetic base, conditioner for shampoos, hair conditioners, facial washes, creams, lotions, depilatories, permanent waves, neutralizers Features Contains balanced blend of emulsifiers, lubricants, and skin moisturizers nonirritating even to sensitive skin... 

Fatty acid esters, because of the great variety of molecular structures that are possible, offer great versatility to the plastics compounder. Liquid fatty acid esters of short-chain monofunctional alcohols have a distinct secondary plasticizer action, whereas fatty acid esters of long-chain fatty alcohols like stearyl stearate or cetyl palmitate are well known as wax esters and because of their thermal stability, good flow properties and resistance to plate out are broadly used as lubricants for PVC and other polar plastics. 

Synonyms PEG-10 cetyl/stearyl ether PEG 500 cetyl/stearyl ether POE (10) cetyl/stearyl ether Definition PEG ether of cetearyl alcohol Formula R(OCH2CH2)nOH, R = blend of cetyl and stearyl radicals, avg. n = 10 Properties Nonionic Toxicology TSCA listed Uses Rubber emulsifier lubricant dye and fulling assistant emulsifier, conditioner, and emollient for personal care prods., pharmaceuticals emulsion polymerization floor waxes paper finishes in food-contact textiles... 

Octyl isononanoate Octyl stearate Oleamide DEA Oleamide MIPA Oleth-3 Oleyl alcohol PEG-2 stearate PEG-8 stearate Pentaerythrityl tetracaprylate/tetracaprate Pentaerythrityl tetraisostearate lubricant, pharmaceuticals Acetylated lanolin Acetylated mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) kernel oil Behenic acid Butylene glycol dicaprylate/dicaprate Butyl myristate Cl 8-36 acid glycol ester C18-36 acid triglyceride Canola oil Cl0-30 cholesterol/lanosterol esters Ceteareth-6 Ceteth-16 Ceteth-20 Cetyl lactate Cocoyl sarcosine... 

Chem. Descrip. Cetyl acetate, acetylated lanolin alcohol Chem. Anaiysis < 0.2% moisture < 1.0% AH CAS 629-70-9 61788-49-6 EINECS/ELINCS 211-103-7 262-980-8 Uses Binder for pressed powds. emollient, plasticizer, cosolvent, NV and sebum solvent for personal care prods. lubricant for day, talc, and starch stabilizer for lanolin solubilizer in aerosols penetrant spreading agent Features Increases the spreading coefficient of oils in water Properties Pale yel. thin oily llq. odoriess sol. In ethanol, min., castor and veg. oil, IPM, IPP, IPA, silicone, butyl stearate, sulibnated castor oil, ethyl acetate, and org. solv. insol. in water sp.gr. 0.850-0.880 vise. 10 cps add no. 1.0 max. sapon. no. 180-200 hyd. 8.0 max. pH neutral. 100% act. 

Chem. Descrip. Polysorbate 80, cetyl acetate, acetylated lanolin alcohol Uses Skin/hair conditioner, sec. emulsifier, pigment wetting agent, solubilizer, emollient, humectant, superfatting agent for antiperspirants, lotions and creams, sunscreens, pharmaceuticals lubricant for topical pharmaceutical ointments Properties Amber to yel. liq., pract. odorless acid no. 2 max. sapon. no. 60-80 hyd. no. 55-70 Fancol Base C [Fanning]... 

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