Cold pressing

Cold isostatic pressing Cold press molding Cold solvent cleaning Cold War... 

As succeeding panels are laid-up, a stack of panels is formed. If the panels are to be cold-pressed, an uncommon procedure in modern manufacturing, the stack will be high enough to fit into the cold-press. The stack is roUed into the press, the press is closed under hydraulic pressure and the bonding pressure, 1035—1205 (ca 150—175 psi) is maintained for the time requited to form a bond. This time could vary from 30 to 120 minutes, depending on temperature and the adhesive formulation used. 

Fold. Strength of concentrated flavoring materials. The concentration is expressed as a multiple of a standard, eg, citms oil is compared to cold pressed oil. In the case of vanilla, folded flavors are compared to a standard extract with minimum bean content. 

Essentia.1 Oils. Essential oils (qv) are extracted from the flower, leaf, bark, fmit peel, or root of a plant to produce flavors such as mint, lemon, orange, clove, cinnamon, and ginger. These volatile oils are removed from plants either via steam distillation, or using the cold press method, which avoids heat degradation. Additional processing is sometimes employed to remove the unwanted elements from the oils, such as the terpenes in citms oils which are vulnerable to oxidation (49,50). 

Miscellaneous Processes. Metal strip for cladding can be produced by cold pressing metal powder into alow density green strip, foUowed by sintering to compact the powder. AHoy powders can be made into strip, along with specialized strip with one powder bonded to a different powder on the opposite side. 

Processing. Friction materials are manufactured by cold pressing a mixture of the ingredients at relatively low (138—276 MPa (20,000—40,000... 

Those that cure well between these temperatures are often referred to as intermediate set. Cold set types naturally set much faster at intermediate temperatures. Cold pressing of plywood is usually done in a hydraulic press. The press may then be opened, the clamped assembly removed and allowed to stay under the pressure of the clamps for at least four hours to set the glue. 

The rigidi d thermoplastic sheet - Tiocess combines thermoplastic sheet vacuum forming with a spray-up or cold press molding process to add a thermoset composite stmctural backing to a decorative thermoplastic skin. Large parts such as bathtubs, hot tubs, recreation vehicle components, and camper tops have been produced by this process. 

Cold-isostatic-pressing foUowed by vacuum sintering or HIP is also used to manufacture smaller intricate shapes. In this instance beryUium powder is loaded into shaped mbber bags and pressed isostaticaUy in a pressure chamber up to 410 MPa (60,000 psi). After the pressing operation the mbber bag is stripped from the part which is then vacuum sintered to about 99% of theoretical density at about 1200°C. If full theoretical density is required, the sintered part may be simply given a HIP cycle because there is no open porosity after vacuum sintering. In a similar manner, conventional axial cold-pressing... 

To produce wear-resistant or hardened surfaces, thin layers of borides can be prepared on metal surfaces by reaction and diffusion (see Metal SURFACE treatments). Boride powders can be formed iato monolithic shapes by cold pressing and sintering, or by hot pressiag. 

The adhesive-coated veneers are then stacked in the correct order (thickness and number of pHes) to make the desired product and sent to a cold press. The pressure appHed by the cold press assures uniform adhesive distribution across the pHes and fliU adhesion later. From the cold press the assembly is moved to a hot press. The hot presses have up to 50 openings between steam heated plates. Depending on the thickness of the plywood being manufactured, one or more (up to three) layers of uncured plywood assembHes are loaded into each opening. The press is closed and pressure of 1.2—1.38 MPa (175—200 psi) and temperatures of 110—166°C are appHed for the period of time needed to cure the adhesive. The cured plywood panels are removed... 

Cold pressing Bonding process whereby an assembly is subjected to... 

The Semi-Automatic processes include processes such as cold pressing, hot pressing, compression moulding of SMC and DMC, resin injection. 

L. Mondello, M. Catalfamo, P. Dugo and G. Dugo, Multidimensional capillary GC-GC for the analysis of real complex samples. Part IE Enantiomeric distribution of monoteipene hydrocarbons and monoteipene alcohols of cold-pressed and distilled lime oils , J. Microcolumn Sep. 10 203-212 (1998). 

Table 10.2 reports some results obtained for cold-pressed and distilled citrus oils. As can be seen, the values obtained are characteristic of the different oils, and can be used as references for the authenticity and quality of the oil. 

Figure 10.3 Gas cliromatograms of a cold-pressed lemon oil obtained (a) with an SE-52 column in the stand-by position and (b) with the same column showing the five heart-cuts (c) shows the GC-GC chiral chromatogram of the ti ansfeired components. The asterisks in (b) indicate electric spikes coming from the valve switcliing. The conditions were as follows SE-52 pre-column, 30 m, 0.32 mm i.d., 0.40 - 0.45 p.m film tliickness cairier gas He, 90 KPa (stand-by position) and 170 KPa (cut position) oven temperature, 45 °C (6 min)-240 °C at 2 °C/min diethyl-tert-butyl-/3-cyclodextrin column, 25 m X 0.25 mm i.d., 0.25 p.m film thickness cairier gas He, 110 KPa (stand-by position) and 5 KPa (cut position) oven temperature, 45 °C (6 min), rising to 90 °C (10 min) at 2 °C/min, and then to 230 °C at 2 °C/min. Reprinted from Journal of High Resolution Chromatography, 22, L. Mondello et al, Multidimensional capillary GC-GC for the analysis of real complex samples. Part IV. Enantiomeric distribution of monoterpene hydrocarbons and monoterpene alcohols of lemon oils , pp. 350-356, 1999, with permission from Wiley-VCH.

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