Cervical dysplasia

Close clinical surveillance of all women taking OCs is essential they should be reexamined at least once a year. In all cases of undiagnosed persistent or recurrent abnormal vaginal bleeding, rule out malignancy. Monitor women with a strong family history of breast cancer or who have breast nodules, fibrocystic disease of the breast, cervical dysplasia, or abnormal mammograms. 

There is no cure for SLE. Guillermo el al. (G16) found only 10 randomized controlled trials during the past 5 years, 5 for lupus nephritis and 5 for all SLE patients. Compared to conventional therapies for lupus nephritis, a monthly bolus with intravenous cyclophosphamide is more effective than a monthly bolus with methyl prednisolone, but has significant side effects (including amenorrhea, cervical dysplasia, avascular necrosis, and herpes zoster) in both groups (G14). In order to avoid these side effects, more recent therapies have been developed. However, neither plasmapheresis (Wl), intravenous immunoglobulin (B21), recombinant human DNase (rhDNase) (D3), nor mycophenolate mofetil (C14) was shown to be more effective than conventional therapy. However, some of these... 

In addition, several solutions are utilized by gynecologists in their office practice. For example, glacial acetic acid solutions (3-5%) are used to identify cervical dysplasia during colposcopy, and Lugol solution is employed to perform Schiller s test (diagnosis of cervix cancer). 

Maintenance therapy of cervical dysplasias after standard excisional or ablative therapy Cream Reduction of recurrence was achieved 329... 

Etoposide Management of cervical dysplasias associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) Vaginal suppository Demonstrated to be safe and tolerable 333... 

Maiman, M., Watts, D. H., Andersen, I, Clax, R, Merino, M., and Kendall, M. A. (1999), Vaginal 5-fluorouracil for high-grade cervical dysplasia in human immunodeficiency virus infection A randomized trial, Obstet. Gynecol., 94, 954-961. 

There is a positive correlation between high copper loss from an intrauterine contraceptive device and the development of menorrhagia or pathological lesions, such as cervical dysplasia and endometrial cjdopathol-ogy (14). Evidence of endometrial carcinoma was not found in endometrial aspirates from 189 women who had used Copper-T-200 devices for 1-10 years, but five cases of endometrial hyperplasia (2.67%) were encountered in women in the series, all of whom had worn... 

It has been suggested that cyclophosphamide can contribute to the risk of cervical dysplasia. In a retrospective study of 110 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, cervical dysplasia was significantly more frequent in patients who had received intravenous cyclophosphamide (10 of 61) than in a control group who did not receive cyclophosphamide (two of 49) (55). In addition, cervical pathology worsened during cyclophosphamide therapy in all four patients with pre-existing cervical dysplasia, and one patient developed in situ cervical carcinoma. 

Bateman H, Yazici Y, Left L, Peterson M, Paget SA. Increased cervical dysplasia in intravenous cyclophosphamide-treated patients with SLE a preliminary study. Lupus 2000 9(7) 542. ... 

Kanetsky, P.A., Gammon, M.D., Mandelblatt, J., Zhang, Z.F., Ramsey, E., Dnistrian, A., Norkus, E.P., Wright, Jr., T.C. 1998. Dietary intake and blood levels of lycopene association with cervical dysplasia among non-Hispanic, black women. Nutr Cancer. 31 31-40. 

B13. Butterworth, C. E., Hatch, K. D., Core, H., Mueller, H., and Krumdieck, C. L., Improvement in cervical dysplasia associated with folic acid therapy in users of oral contraceptives. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 35, 73-82 (1982). 

Saqi A, Pasha TL, McGrath CM, et al. Overexpression of pl6INK4A in liquid-based specimens (SurePath) as marker of cervical dysplasia and neoplasia. Diagn Cytopathol. 2002 27 365-370. 

October 5,1994 Japan for inoperable superficial esophageal and gastric cancer, early stage lung and cervical cancer and cervical dysplasia July 13,1995 Canada for palliation of advanced esophageal cancer December 27,1995 US FDA for palliation of esophageal cancer in patients unsuitable for Nd YAG therapy... 

Giuliano, A.R. and Gapstur, S., Can cervical dysplasia and cancer be prevented with nutrients ... 

Romney, S.L., Ho, G.Y., Palan, P.R., Basu, J., Kadish, A.S., Klein, S., Mikhail, M., Hagan, R.J., Chang, C. J., and Burk, R.D., Effects of beta-carotene and other factors on outcome of cervical dysplasia and human papilloma vims infection, Gynecol Oncol, 65,483,1997. 

Smith-McCune KK, Weidner N. Demonstration and characterization of the angiogenic properties of cervical dysplasia. Cancer Res 1994 54 800-804. 

King TJ, Fukushima LH, Hieber AD, Shimabukuro KA, Sakr WA, Bertram JS (2000) Reduced levels of connexin 43 in cervical dysplasia inducible expression in a cervical carcinoma cell line decreases neoplastic potential with implications for tumor progression. Carcinogenesis 21 1097-1109... 

Diethylstilboestrol (DES) is a synthetic oestrogen that used to be prescribed to prevent miscarriages until 1977. Its role in the development of vaginal adenocarcinoma and cervical dysplasia is known and screening is codified. Recent cohort studies have shown that exposure to DES in utero increases the risk of a broad spectrum of gynaecological and non-gynaecological adverse conditions in adult women who were prenatally exposed to DES >40 years ago. 

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