Cereals maize

Pesticide) Pyrethroids European continent Soil and water - Total pesticide use - Spatial distribution of crops - Crop types (cereal, maize, oilseeds, citrus, etc.) - Runoff and soil moisture - Fate and transport parameters [52]... 

Cereals Maize, rice Protein stability during storage, high yield, easy to transform and manipulate Food crops... 

The dry seed crops that have been used as host plants for molecular farming include the cereals maize, rice, wheat and barley (see also Chapter 4), and the grain legumes soybean, pea, pigeon pea and peanut. Maize, rice, wheat, barley, soybean and pea have been investigated as general production platforms, while pigeon pea and peanut have been used solely for the expression of animal vaccine candidates. The major... 

Uses post-emergence control of annual and perennial broadleaf weeds in cereals, maize, sorgum, grassland, established turf, grass seed crops, orchards, cranberries, asparagus, sugar cane, rice, forestry, and on noncropland, etc. 

Uses herbicides/insecticides pre- or post-emergence control of broadleaf weeds in cereals, maize, lucerne, clover, trefoil, grass leys, potatoes, peas, onions, garlics, peas, leeks, soya beans, orchards, groundnuts, strawberries, vineyards and other crops for control of strawberry runners and raspberry suckers and overwintering forms of insect pests on fruit trees also used as a desiccant for leguminous seed crops destruction of potato haulms as a pre-harvest hop defoliant, etc. 

Chemical Name 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-l-methoxy-l-methylurea Af,-(4-chlorophenyl)-Ar-methoxy-Ar-methylurea Uses herbicide for pre- or post-emergence control of annual broadleaf weeds and annual grasses in asparagus, berry fruit, cereals, maize, field beans, vines, leeks, onions, potatoes, herbs, lucerne, flowers, ornamental shrubs and trees, etc. 

Chemical Name cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclo-propanecarboxylate (RS)-a-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl(lR5,3R5 lR5,35R)-3(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxylate Uses nonsystemic insecticide with contact and stomach action to control a wide range of insects in fruits, vegetables, vines, potatoes, cucurbits, capsicums, cereals, maize, soybeans, cotton, coffee, coca, rice, pecans, ornamentals and forestry, etc. also used to control flies in animal houses and mosquitoes, cockroaches, houseflies and other pests in public health. 

Uses insecticide, cereals, maize, potatoes, soyabeans... 

Uses herbicide, cereals, maize, rice Trade names Lentagran (Chemie Linz) Type pyridazine... 

Uses fungicide, cereals, maize Trade names Real (Rhone Poulenc) Type triazole... 

Bromoxinil or 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile Benzonitrile Inhibits photosynthetic electron transport, selective for certain annual broad leave weeds Cereals, maize, sorghum, turf 11-2... 

D or (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid Chlorophenoxy acids Affect cell membrane and RNA synthesis, selective for broad leave weeds esters active through leaves Cereals, maize, sorghum, rice 11-3... 

Uses Control of over wintering of aphids, psyllids, ermine moths, winter moths, scale insects and spider mites on prone fruit, control on insects in vines, annual broadleaved weeds in cereals, maize, legumes, etc. 

Methoxyethylmercury silicate (10) is almost insoluble in water. The oral toxicity for rats is LD50=75 mg/kg. Both its chemical and biological properties are similar to those of methoxyethylmercury chloride. It is used by itself or combined with other fungicides (e. g. hexachlorobenzene) for the seed treatment of cereals, maize, beet and legumes. It is prepared from an aqueous solution of methoxyethylmercury acetate with sodium silicate ... 

TCMTOB, 2-(thiocyanomethylsulfinyl)benzothiazole (76), the oxidised derivative of TCMTB, is also used as a seed dressing against the diseases of cereals, maize, rice, cotton, sugar beet and legumes (Hardison, 1972). 

The salts and esters of 2,4-D are systemic foliage herbicides, with moderate soil herbicidal action. They are applied postemergence mainly in cereals, maize, rice, sugar cane and on pastures at a rate of 0.280-2.3 kg/ha active ingredient for the selective control of dicotyledonous weeds. At an application rate of 2.3 kg/ha, it is decomposed in about a month in the soil. 

Cypromid is a selective contact herbicide for postemergence use in cereals, maize, umbelliferous crops, onion and cotton. Its rather high toxicity to mammals, its ld q for rats being 218 mg/kg, probably explains its disappearance from the market. 

Its persistence is not exactly known. In the year of treatment cereals, maize and potato can be sown as second crops. 

Pyridate is a contact selective herbicide with foliar activity. It is effective for the control of annual broad-leaved weeds and some grassy weeds on cereals, maize, rice and some other crops at a rate of 1.0-1.5 kg active ingredient/ha. It has the advantage of killing efficiently some triazine-resistant weeds, such as Galium aparine and Amaranthus retroflexus in their early development (Discus et al., 1976). 

Benzoic acid, 5-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-2-nitro-, methyl ester Bifenox BRN 2170169 Caswell No. 561AA CCRIS 7158 5-(2,4-Diohlorophenoxy)-2-nitrobenzoic acid methyl ester MC-4379 Modown Modown 4 Flowable EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 104301 MC-4379 Methyl 5-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-2-nltrobenz-oate Modown, Selective herbicide used for control of annual broad-leaved weeds and some grasses in cereals, maize, sorghum, soybeans, rice and some other crops. Registered by EPA as a herbicide (cancelled). Yellow crystals mp = 84-86 poorly soluble in H2O (0.000035 g/100 ml), more soluble in MezCO (31.5 g/100 ml), chlorobenzene (44,3 g/100 ml), xylene (25.8 g/100 ml), EtOH (< 4 g/100 ml) slightly soluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons LDso (rat orl) > 6400 mg/kg, (mus orl) = 4556 mg/kg, (rbt der) > 20000 mg/kg LC50 (rat ihl) > 200 mg/l air, (duck, pheasant 8 day dietary) > 5000 mg/kg diet, (rainbow trout 96 hr.) = 0.87 mg/l, (bluegill sunfish 96 hr.) = 0.64 mg/l. Aventis Crop Science. 

U 46 Products. [BASF AG] 2,4-D, MCPA, dichlorprop, mecoprr for weed coitrol in cereals, maize, sugar cane, rice, perennial crops, etc. 

Uses Soil insecticide used to control rootworms, wireworms, crickets and similar crop pests in vegetables, sorghum, ornamentals, cereals, maize, vines, olives, sugar beet, sugarcane, potatoes, groundnuts, tobacco, turf and fruit crops. 

Starch crop biorefineries based on cereals, maize, potato, etc. 

The majority of native starches are mixtures of amylose and amylopectin, two homopolysaccharides composed of a-D-gluco-pyranose molecules in Cj conformation. Amylose and amylopectin usually occur in a weight ratio of 1 3. In some varieties of cereals (maize, barley and rice) and other plants (potatoes), either amylose (starches of high amylose content or amylostarches) or amylopectin (starches high in amylopectin or waxy starches) predominate. 

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