Grain legumes

Raw soybeans also maybe used as a supplemental protein source. Dry beans, ie, beans normally harvested in the green / imm a tiire state, fava beans, lupins, field peas, lentils, and other grain legumes are potential supplemental protein sources however, several of these may have deleterious effects, predominantly enzyme inhibition, on the animal. The supply of each is limited (5). 

Wheat is a deep-rooted plant which grows well on rich and heavy soils and in the sunnier eastern and southern parts of the country. Winter wheat can withstand most of the frosty conditions of this country, but is easily killed by water-logged soil conditions. It needs a pH higher than 5.5. It is the best cereal to grow when the soil is highly fertile, so it should follow grain legumes and root crops... 

The dry seed crops that have been used as host plants for molecular farming include the cereals maize, rice, wheat and barley (see also Chapter 4), and the grain legumes soybean, pea, pigeon pea and peanut. Maize, rice, wheat, barley, soybean and pea have been investigated as general production platforms, while pigeon pea and peanut have been used solely for the expression of animal vaccine candidates. The major... 

Nuruzzaman H, Lambers H, Bolland MDA, Veneklaas EJ (2006) Distribution of carboxylates and acid phosphatase and depletion of different phosphorus fractions in the rhizosphere of a cereal and three grain legumes. Plant Soil 281 109-120 Olde Venterink H, Wassen MJ, Belgers JDM, Verhoeven JTA (2001) Control of environmental variables on species density in fens and meadows importance of direct effects and effects through community biomass. J Ecol 89 1033-1040. doi http //www.blackwell-synergy.com/ doi/abs/10.111 l/j.1365-2745.2001.00616.x... 

Composition and Functionality of Protein, Starch, and Fiber from Wet and Dry Processing of Grain Legumes... 

Grain legumes have also been processed into refined starch (10,11) and protein isolates (12,13,14) by procedures derived from the traditional corn starch and soybean protein industries (15). However, comparative data on product yields, composition and losses have not been published. A commercial plant for the wet processing of field pea into refined starch, protein isolate and refined fiber has been established in Western Canada. Little is known about the characteristics of the protein isolate or refined fiber product. Water-washed starch prepared from the air-classified starch fractions of field pea (16,17) and fababean (6) have been investigated for certain physico-chemical and pasting properties. Reichert (18) isolated the cell wall material from soaked field pea cotyledons and determined its fiber composition and water absorption capacity. In addition, the effects of drying techniques on the characteristics of pea protein Isolates have been determined (14). 

Blagrove, R.J. Gillespie, J.M. Trop. Grain Legume Bull. 

George T, Ladha JK, Garrity DP, Torres R. 1995. Nitrogen dynamics of grain legume-weedy fallow-flooded rice sequences in the tropics. Agronomy Journal 87 1-6. 

Copper Liver and organ meats grains, legumes, nuts, seeds (esp. cocoa powder) Component of many enzymes, especially oxidases Amine oxidases Lysyl oxidases Cytochrome oxidase... 

Wheat grain, legumes Colon cancer Contains digestion-resistant starch and other non-digestible carbohydrates which increase fermentation in colon and hence production of volatile fatty acids... 

Aniszewski, T. 1995. Editorial. Science of Legumes, 2 136 and, Smartt, J. 1990. Grain legumes. Evolution and genetic resources. Cambridge - New York - Port Chester - Melbourne - Sydney Cambridge University Press. 

Powell, A.A., The importance of genetically determined seed coat characteristics to seed quality in grain legumes, Ann. Bot., 63, 169, 1989. 

F, forage legumes G, grain legumes N, non-legumes C, cover crops U, undersowings. 

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