Amaranthus retroflexus

The following chemicals were obtained commercially (Sigma Chemical Co.) and bioassayed with C. album and Amaranthus retroflexus L. (seeds collected in North Carolina in 1980) following identification DL-3-hydroxybutyric acid (DL-3-hydroxy-butyric acid as a Na salt) and L-3-phenyllactic acid (L-2-hydroxy-3-phenyl-propanoic acid). 

Common millet Panicum miliaceum L., barnyard grass E. crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., bristly foxtail Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv., redroot pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus L. 

Buhler, D.D., T.C. Mester, and K.A. Kohler (1996). The effect of maize residues and tillage on emergence of Setaria faberi, Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, and Chenopodium album. Weed Res., 36 153-165. 

Amaranthus hybridus (also A. chlorostachys) Amaranthus lividus Amaranthus palmeri Amaranthus powellii Amaranthus retroflexus Amaranthus rudis Amaranthus tuberculatuf Ambrosia artemisiifolia Arenaria serpyllifolia Atriplex patulad Bidens tripartita... 

Rola, H. and J. Rola (1996). Occurrence of Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album and Echinochloa crus-galli in southwest Poland and their control by herbicides. In R. DePrado, J. Jorrin, L. Garcia Torres, and G. Marshall, eds., Proceedings of the international Symposium on Weed and Crop Resistance to Herbicides. Cordoba, Spain Graficas TYPO, S.L, pp. 42-44. 

Eleftherohorinos, I.G., I.B. Vasilakoglou, and K.V. Dhima. (2000). Metribuzin resistance in Amaranthus retroflexus and Chenopodium album in Greece. Weed Sci., 48 69-74. 

McNaughton, K.E., J. Letarte, E.A. Lee, and E.J. Tardif (2005). Mutations in ALS confer herbicide resistance in redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and Powell amaranth (Amaranthus powellii). Weed Sci., 53 17-22. 

Sibony, M., A. Michel, H.U. Haas, B. Rubin, and K. Hurle (2001). Sulfometuron-resistant Amaranthus retroflexus Cross-resistance and molecular basis for resistance to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides. Weed Res., 41 509-522. 

Solanum nigrum Urtica urens Stellaria media Chenopodium album Malva neglecta Portulaca oleracea Ambrosia artemisiifolia Richardia scabra Amaranthus retroflexus Bidens bipinnata Euphorbia maculata Polygonum caespitosum Medicago arabica Eupatorium capillifolium Convolvulus arvensis Scoparia dulcis Lantana camara Brassica spp. 

Post-emergency control of many important broadleaf weeds including Galium aparine, Stellaria media, Chenopodium spp., Amaranthus retroflexus etc. in wheat, barley, rye, maize... 

Post-emergence control of broad-leaved weeds e.g., Abutilon theophrasti, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Xanthium strumarium in maize and soyabeans... 

Controls grass weeds including Echinochloa cruss-galli, Digitaria sanguinalis and Setaria geniculata and broad leaf weeds such as Amaranthus retroflexus Chenopodium album, Convolvulus arvensis and Polygonum pericaria... 

Redroot pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus (L.) Gliocladiiim virens Miller, Giddens Foster peat moss contg. 22 sucrose and ammonium nitrate ... 

Senecio vulgaris Amaranthus retroflexus Senecio vulgaris... 

Amaranthus retroflexus Brassica campestris Chenopodium album... 

Some of the problem dicotyledonous weeds, such as common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and Russian thistle (Salsola kali), are resistant to asulam. On the other hand, as a postemergence herbicide asulam is effective against Rumex spp., Averui fatua and Pteridium aquilinum. 

E)esmedipham has basically the same selectivity as phenmedipham but it also controls Amaranthus retroflexus and is thus used combined with phenmedipham (Schweizer, 1974). 

Pyridate is a contact selective herbicide with foliar activity. It is effective for the control of annual broad-leaved weeds and some grassy weeds on cereals, maize, rice and some other crops at a rate of 1.0-1.5 kg active ingredient/ha. It has the advantage of killing efficiently some triazine-resistant weeds, such as Galium aparine and Amaranthus retroflexus in their early development (Discus et al., 1976). 

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