Central Data Exchange

EPA has proposed electronic filing regulations and if these go into effect then requests for determinations of equivalency filed after the effective date must be made using the ePMN software, and may be filed on paper, through CD, DVD, or EPA s Central Data Exchange (CDX) for one year after the effective date of the new rules, and thereafter must be submitted via CD, DVD, or CDX for the next year, and then only through CDX. ... 

All newly synthesized structures and all experimental results are stored in the CDB. The data model of this data warehouse is necessarily very complex and flexible, which makes it often difficult and slow to directly retrieve data in a useful format. Therefore, a specialized project data mart is set up that contains only the relevant structures and results for a particular project. This includes sample-related data such as availability or analytics results, but also project-related assay data as well as experimental physicochemical and ADMET results. All results are pivoted to a suitable format, normalized to a certain unit, and presented in a conveniently readable form. This includes the calculation of mean values (and other statistical parameters) in the case of multiple measurements and conditional formatting according to critical thresholds. An automated daily update procedure retrieves new structures and results from the CDB and adds them to the data mart. In addition to experimental results, the BICEPS mechanism is used to provide access to calculated properties (cf. Section 13.2.4). Since project data marts serve as central data exchange and communication platform within research projects, they are a natural reporting front-end for many other Cl tasks such as the results from HTS data analyses (cf. Section 13.3.1) or the BioProfile of a compound (cf. Section 13.3.2). The communication within the project is facihtated by a number of manual comment fields that can be used by the team to add comments or suggestions and to track the status of requests for assay testing. 

The current structure of MedDRA is defined in Table 21.6. There will be a central maintenance organization responsible for development, user support, implementation and communication as well as an international user group. A management board will oversee the activities of the central maintenance organization with direction provided by the ICH Steering Committee. A standard medical dictionary will facilitate electronic data exchange between industry and regulatory authorities worldwide, as recommended by the ICH. 

Some vendors also offer solutions for controlling and archiving the data exchanged between applications, which are based on the idea of a central data warehouse. Examples include TEF [746] of Intergraph, which builds on the data warehouse SmartPlant Foundation [747] or the data warehouse VNET [520] of AVEVA. However, these solutions only support the proprietary XML models of the vendor. 

National Water Data Exchange NAWDEX uses Public c This system is designed to improve the transfer of data on water quantity and quality. A central index of data are available by location and by pollutant category. Water-monitoring data from federal, state, and local programs are indexed... 

Different to a collaboration platform in which a central tool provides information to all partners and data exchange is supported by a synchronization framework, a neutral data model is a central aspect for asynchronous data exchange. In the automotive industry typically standards like STEP [23] or JT [24] are used for data exchange (see Sects. 21.6.2 and 21.7). It is the responsibility of all partners to provide and accept data in the defined neutral format. PLM integration platforms are typically used to support the data import and export scenarios. 

The instructions here assume the use of the error ellipse.m code by J. Andrew Johnson of Binghamton University, acquired from the MATLAB Central File Exchange. Using the code, 90% data contours are drawn in the scores plot around the data points of each tissue based on their PCI and PC2 coordinates. 

The international data network Internet connects over 10,000 computer networks with about 1.5 million computer terminals and 10 million users. The network has no central organisation. It has been built up since the late sixties, starting with the US Defense Administration s ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency). Later, it became the National Research and Education Network providing data exchange for American scientists. 

Other types of applications which are dependent on access to a centralized data base (e.g., information retrieval) or requiring the sharing of information between users (e.g., office automation) implicitly require solution of problems such as connectivity and open systems architectures before they can be successfully implemented as applications in distributed systems. In such a system the user should be able to access and process data through a consistent user interface whether the data is stored in a local file, a centralized company file or a publicly available file and be able to move data and queries seamlessly from one application package to another. The ease of transporting data and queries between applications increases if standard exchange formats and standard data representations are available but open architecture becomes a reality only when software producers are compelled to adopt these standards as a result of pressure from their users. 

Two Bruker DRX-spectrometers, each connected to a INDY-workstation (INDY WS) use FTP to communicate and exchange data files via a thin-wire Ethernet with a SUN workstation, acting as a bridge to the central network (thick-wire Ethernet). FTP is used to send data from both DRX spectrometers via the bridge to the central server workstation (SERVER WS). 

---