Cell trafficking

School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan 

Relationship Between Tumor Cell Trafficking and Metastatic Potential 351 

Involvement of Cell Adhesion Molecules in Metastatic Cell Trafficking 353 

Topological Distribution of Metastatic Cells as Analyzed by Whole-Body Autoradiography 358 

Influence of the Immune Surveillance System on Metastasis Cell Trafficking 360 

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Decreased macrophage infiltration and demyelination Decreased CD4+ T cell trafficking into the CNS, impaired viral clearance No effect on CD8+ T cell trafficking into the CNS Enhanced fatality with delayed CD 8+ T cell infiltration No effect CCR5A32 not protective... 

McCandless EE, Zhang B, Diamond MS, Klein RS (2008b) CXCR4 antagonism increases T cell trafficking in the central nervous system and improves survival from West Nile virus encephalitis. Proc Natl Acad Sd USA... 

Key Words Chemokines lymphocyte development T-cell differentiation cell trafficking memory thymus bone marrow. 

GC regulate a wide variety of immune cell functions. GC modulate cytokine expression, adhesion molecule expression and immune cell trafficking, immune cell maturation and differentiation, expression of chemoattractants and cell migration, and production of inflammatory mediators and other inflammatory molecules [35], At pharmacological concentrations, GC are routinely used as immunosuppressive therapeutic agents in many acute and chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, in transplant patients and in the treatment of leukemias and lymphomas [reviewed in 29].. 

Rooijen N, Randolph GJ Modulation of dendritic cell trafficking to and from the airways. J Immunol 2006 176 ... 

Cyclosporin A/binding cyclc jqjt. to proteins serves to study cell trafficking and protein function ... 

FK506 (tacrolimus)/ rni binding to proteins it serves to unravel cell trafficking and protein function Haggarty 2000... 

Intracellularly, S100A8/S100A9 complexes play an important role in myeloid maturation, cell trafficking and arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. S100A8 and S100A9, present in high concentrations in the cytoplasm of neutrophils and monocytes, are able to translocate and are secreted after activation of a novel pathway requiring an intact microtubule network (Rammes et al., 1997). 

Since adhesion molecules are of pivotal importance in cell trafficking and thus inflammation, they could constitute good therapeutic targets in RA. In fact, a murine mAb to intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-l proved to lead to clinical improvement, (140) but repeated administration may have less effects, and the side-effect profile was also of major concern (141). Thus, anti-ICAM-1 may not be the strategy of choice. In this context it should be mentioned that TNFa blockade leads not only to clinical benefit but also to reduction of adhesion molecule expression. 

Li, H., Meno-Tetang, G., Chiba, K., Arima, N., Heining, P., and Jusko, W., Pharmacokinetics and cell trafficking dynamics of 2-Amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl) ethyl] propane- 1,3-diol Hydrochloride (FTY720) in cynomol-gus monkeys after single oral and intravenous doses, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Vol. 301, No. 2, 2002, pp. 519-526. 

Data should be provided to show the comparability of the product lot used in the POC studies, the toxicology studies, and the cell trafficking studies to the intended clinical lot. When possible, the intended clinical product should be used to conduct the pivotal preclinical toxicology studies. Immune tolerance to human cells (genetically or chemically immunosuppressed animals) allows use of the intended clinical product. In cases where analogous animal cells are used, comparability to the human product should be provided. 

The fate of the cells should be determined, including comprehensive histo-pathological evaluation of cell trafficking/migration, engraftment/survival posttranslation (e.g., differentiation, plasticity, transdifferentiation and/or fusion), as well as unwanted expression or alteration of phenotypes. 

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