Topology distribution

Presnell, S.R., Cohen, EE. Topological distribution of four-a-helix bundles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86 6592-6596, 1989. 

SCHLEDZ M, AL-BABILI S, VON LINTIG J, HAUBRUCK H, RABBANI S, KLEINIG H and BEYER P (1996) Phytoene synthase fcom Narcissus pseudonarcissus functional expression, galactolipid requirement, topological distribution in chromoplasts and induction during flowering . Plant J, 10, 781-92. 

Veuillez F, Falson-Rieg F, Guy RH, Deshusses J, Buri P (2002) Permeation of a myristoylated dipeptide across the buccal mucosa Topological distribution and evaluation of tissue integrity. Int J Pharm 231 1-9... 

Presnell SR, Cohen FE. The topological distribution of four-a-helical proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 86 1989 6592-6596. 

Most of the analytical approaches do not take into account the topological distribution of 2-AG in tissues, often missing out on critical information about the endocannabinoid signaling. For example, a physiological analysis of the... 

Analysis of the isotope distribution in target compounds can be, and frequently been, limited to measuring bulk specific activity (in the case of radioisotopes) or the overall abundance (in the case of stable isotopes) of the tracer isotope. Alternatively, the topological distribution of the isotope label can be narrowed down by chemical degradation in the case of radioactive tracers. In case of stable isotopes, the topology of isotope distribution in the target molecule can be assessed in considerable detail by NMR spectrometry, mass spectrometry, or a combination of these methods. 

Grygar et al., 2000 Scholz et al., 2005). Recent developments in this frame comprise the determination of absolute quantitative composition of electroactive species (Domenech et al., 2004a, 2006a) and topological distribution of electroactive species attached to solid networks (Domenech et al., 2009). 

S. R, Presnell and F. E. Cohen, Proc. Natl. Acad. Set. U.S.A., 86, 6592 (1989). Topological Distribution of Four-Alpha-Helix Bundles. 

B., and Krishnamurthy, R. (2007) Study on influence of porosity, pore size, spatial and topological distribution of pores on microhardness of as plasma sprayed ceramic coatings. Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 445—446, 269-274. 

Similar considerations on Si,Al ordering were made by Niggli (44) for plagioclase feldspars. Whatever the details of ordering, it seems likely that as the Si,Al ratio changes in an ordered framework silicate, there will be readjustments of the topological distributions. 

Perhaps the most perplexing problem in bacterial cell wall research is the way in which bacteria, which have been deprived of tiheir cell walls and have lost their native shapes (L-forms), assume the shape of the parent bacteria (coccus or rod), when the synthesis of peptidoglycan and accessory polymers is switched on ( 3). It is believed that the shape of the cell wall is molded by the topological distribution of cross-links, the lengths of the relatively stiff glycan chains, and the... 

Although a great deal is known about the chemical composition of the mitochondrial membrane and it is established that the membrane contains a number of catalytic proteins e.g., the ATPase synthetase system, an ion transport molecular machinery and electron transport chain), the topological distribution of these proteins in the membrane is not known. All topological models proposed are at present hypothetical [177]. However, it is accepted that the mitochondrial membrane, like most if not all biological membranes, is of the fluid mosaic model and is composed of a lipid bilayer traversed by proteins (see plasma membrane in Chapter 16). Electron microscopic studies of the freeze-edge fractured faces of the outer and the inner membrane [178] indicate that the proteins are asymmetrically distributed not only when the inner is compared to the outer membrane, but also when the inner and outer faces of each of the fractured membranes are compared (Table 1-3). 

V. Topological Distribution of Metastatic Cells as Analyzed by Whole-Body Autoradiography 358... 

Dehez F, Chipot C, Millot C, Angyan JG (2001) Fast and accurate determination of induction energies reduction of topologically distributed polarizability models. Chem Phys Lett 338 180-188... 

Therefore, thermodynamic equilibrium of a macroscopic system is an effect of local equilibration processes at a subsystem level (structural hierarchies). In other words, concentration equilibrium in a system (molecular composition equilibrium) doesn t correspond to the equilibrium number and size and especially inner structure (topological) distributions of supramolecular structures and completion of the phase separation process with stationary concentrations in contacting phases doesn t characterize phase solution layering because of possible further coalescence and morphology system changes. All these aspects are evidently stipulated by thermodynamical equilibration kinetics. Further information on equilibration kinetics at various structural organization levels is presented in Parts II and III of this book. 

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