Metastatic cells

Another focus has been on the invasiveness of prostate cancer cells since prostate cancer lethality is tied to metastatic processes. Metastatic cells have acquired the ability to invade basement... 

Bajaj A, Miranda OR, Kim I-B, Phillips RL, Jerry DJ, Bunz UHF, Rotello VM (2009) Detection and differentiation of normal, cancerous, and metastatic cells using nanoparticle-polymer sensor arrays. Proc Natl Acad Sci 106 10912-10916... 

As described earlier, the formation of metastases is a multistep event. Each of the different steps requires the production of different group of molecules. These molecules may be synthesised either by the metastatic cells, or by host cells collaborating with the metastasizing cells. Some of the key molecules involved in the metastatic process are now discussed. 

K. V., and Sloane, B. F., Cathepsin B to cysteine proteinase inhibitor balance in metastatic cell subpopulations isolated from murine tumors. Cancer Res. 50, 6278-6284 (1990). 

Treatment of cancer includes surgical intervention, radiation, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy using neoplastic drugs. Chemotherapy is currently used in addition to surgical intervention in order to remove possible metastatic cells that still remain. Moreover, some types of tumors are currently treated first with chemotherapeutic agents. 

It may be that OS acts as a defense mechanism against bacteria or virus, and in this case OS is a protective reactive mechanism. In case of blocking this reaction with antioxidants a serious clinical problem can arise. Certain types of bacteria or even metastatic cells protect themselves with an efficient antioxidants system. 

Fraser SP, Grimes JA, Djamgoz MB (2000) Effects of voltage-gated ion channel modulators on rat prostatic cancer cell proliferation comparison of strongly and weakly metastatic cell lines. Prostate 44 61-76... 

Active deformability. If the capability to squeeze through tissues is an important step for most metastatic cells, then a selection based on the ability of cells to cross filter holes about ten times smaller than their cellular diameter should theoretically yield cells with a higher metastatic capability (Tullberg and Burger, 1985). The selection procedure is deseribed in Chapter 6. 

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