Cell growth/differentiation

Intercellular communication can be affected by different carotenoids and their oxidation products, and opposing effects can be observed depending on their concentrations (Stahl et al., 1998). Carotenoids play a role in the induction and stimulation of intercellular communication via gap junctions, which in turn play an important role in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis (Tapiero et al., 2004). 

It acts as a co-stimulator of haematopoietic cell growth/differentiation. 

Agarwal C, Chandraratna RAS, Teng M, Nagpal S, Rorke EA, and Eckert RL [1996] Differential regulation of human ectocervical epithelial cell line proliferation and differentiation by retinoid x receptor- and retinoic acid receptor-specific retinoids. Cell Growth Differentiation 7 521-530... 

IL-3 Tcell Bone marrow cells Growth/differentiation of all cell types... 

Benson MJ, Pino-Lagos K, Rosemblatt M, Noelle RJ AU-trans retinoic acid mediates enhanced Treg cell growth, differentiation, and gut homing in the face of high levels of co-stimulation. J Exp Med 2007 204 1765-1774. 

Wu JT, Archer SY, Hinnebnsch B, Meng S, Hodin RA. (2001) Transient vs. prolonged histone hyperacetylation Effects on colon cancer cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 280 G482-G490. 

Oncogenes code for oncoproteins, which are mostly involved in signal transduction controlling/regulating cell growth, differentiation, or apoptosis. These pathways often involve modification of proteins by phosphorylation (e.g., of serine, tyrosine, threonine) by kinases. 

The interactions between immune and inflammatory cells are mediated in large part by certain proteins, called lym-phokines, or interleukins (IL), that are able to promote cell growth, differentiation, and functional activation. Interleukins resemble hormones, which also function as intercellular messengers. In contrast to hormones, however, they are secreted by isolated cells rather than discrete glands. Several interleukins have been described each has unique biological activities as well as some that overlap with the oth-... 

F. A. Ruiz, C. O. Rodrogues and R. Docampo (2001a). Rapid changes in polyphosphate content within acidocalcisomes in response to cell growth, differentiation and environmental stress in Trypanosoma cruzi. J. Biol. Chem., 276, 26114-26121. 

Figure 33.36. Helper T Cell Action. The engagement of the T-cell receptor in helper T cells results in the secretion of cytokines. These cytokines bind to cytokine receptors expressed on the surface of the antigen-presenting cell, stimulating cell growth, differentiation, and, in regard to a B cell, antibody secretion.

Gualandris, A., Rusnati, M., Belled, M., Nelli, E. E., Bastaki, M Molinari-Tosatti, M. P., Bonardi, F., Parolini, S., Albini, A., Morbidelli, L., Ziche, M., Corallini, A., Possati, L., Vacca, A., Ribatti, D. and Presta., M. (1996). Basic fibroblast growth factor overexpression in endothelial cells an autocrine mechanism for angiogenesis and angioproliferative diseases. Cell Growth Differentiation 7, 147-160. 

Cytokines are peptides that regulate cell growth, differentiation and activation, and some have therapeutic value ... 

BA, Sausville EA. 1995. Apoptosis in 7-hydroxystaurosporine-treated T lymphoblasts correlates with activation of cyclin-dependent kinases 1 and 2, cell growth differentiation. 6 927-36... 

In addition to their effects on metabolism, GPCRs and G proteins also play a role in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, dysplasia, and neoplasia. Autonomous cell growth, resulting in neoplastic transformation, is associated with naturally occurring mutations both in GPCRs and in G protein a-subunits. 

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