Eukaryote cells intracellular trafficking

Eukaryotic cells encode numerous proteins that terminate with a CAAX motif ( 100 in yeast, and several hundred in mammalian cells), and many have been directly demonstrated to be prenylated [1,2,4,6]. Their CAAX modifications can contribute significant hydrophobicity and profoundly influence the biological properties of these proteins. For example, CAAX modifications have been shown to affect membrane association, protein-protein interactions, intracellular trafficking, and/or the stability of the proteins to which they are appended [3]. 

Initiation of these pathways requires communication between the cell and the external environment, and therefore, the role of receptor sites and uptake mechanisms must be considered. The onset of flocculation would be another response that requires responses with cells and the enviromnent and with each other. The appearance of metabolic end-products in the medium requires mechanisms for intracellular transport and excretion. Within the cell, trafficking of metabolites and enzymes is important, particularly in the case of eukaryotic cells, where the impact of compartmentalisation has to be considered in strategies for strain improvement. 

---