Immobilization of peptides

Gregorius, K., Theisen, M. (2001). In situ deprotection a method for covalent immobilization of peptides with well-defined orientation for use in solid phase immunoassays such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anal. Biochem., 299, 84-91. 

Ko H, Lee EH, Lee GY, Kim J, Jeon BJ, Kim MH, et al. One step immobilization of peptides and proteins by using modified parylene with formyl groups. Biosens Bioelectron 2011. 

Zietek P, Butmk B, Ciach T. Fabrication of novel material with athrombogenic potential immobilization of peptides on polyurethane surface. Challenges Mod Technol 2012 3(1) 38-41. 

C. Ladaviere, C. Lorenzo, A. Elaissari, B. Mandrand, and T. Delair, Elestrosatically driven immobilization of peptides onto (maleic anhydride-alt-methyl vinyl ether) copolymers in aqueous solution. Bioconjugate Chem., 11 (2), 146-152,2000. 

A. Jungbauer, Direct immobilization of peptide ligands to accessible pore sites... 

Garnier et al. [1027] described an interesting application of a P(Py)-template-based immobilization of peptides which selectively bind certain enzymes. This modified CP electrode could then be used to selectively release the enzymes using an applied potential at the electrode. A series of monomers were synthesized (Structures in Fig. 24-4 are examples) using as the basic building block an acetyl derivative of pyrrole (Structure 1 below). The acetyl spacer was used to preserve the conducting and electroactive properties of the P(Py). These monomers were then polymerized onto an electrode. 

Structures of some monomers used by Gamier et al. for immobilization of peptides which selectively bind enzymes. After Reference [1027], reproduced with permission. 

Palchetti I, Mascini M (2005) Electrochemical Adsorption Technique for Immobilization of Single-Stranded Oligonucleotides onto Carbon Screen-Printed Electrodes. 261 27-43 Pascal R, Boiteau L, Commeyras A (2005) From the Prebiotic Synthesis of a-Amino Acids Towards a Primitive Translation Apparatus for the Synthesis of Peptides. 259 69-122 Paulo A, see Santos I (2005) 252 45-84 Perez EM, see Leigh DA (2006) 265 185-208 Perret F, see Coleman AW (2007) 277 31-88 Perron H, see Coleman AW (2007) 277 31-88 Pianowski Z, see Winssinger N (2007) 278 311-342 Piestert F, see Gansauer A (2007) 279 25-52... 

Cellulose can be activated by CDI and coupled with the amino groups of peptides or immunoglobulins in aqueous alkaline solution to give immobilized peptides or antibodies such as the immunoglobulin IgG [210] (see also Section 6.2) ... 

The SPOT-synthesis method also employs Fmoc chemistry but uses hydroxyl groups present on cellulose filter paper to derivatize and thereby immobilize (3-alanine groups onto the paper. After deprotection, the 13-alanine groups can be used as platforms for the synthesis of peptide arrays (Fig. 7.5) (Frank, 1992 Gausepohl et al., 1992). This method has been widely used for mapping antigen-antibody interactions as well as protein-DNA, protein-metal and other protein-protein interactions (Reineke et al., 2001). 

Cargile, B.J., Talley, D.L., Stephenson, J.L., Jr. (2004b). Immobilized pH gradients as a first dimension in shotgun proteomics and analysis of the accuracy of pi predictability of peptides. Electrophoresis 25, 936-945. 

Some non-silica sol-gel materials have also been developed to immobilize bioactive molecules for the construction of biosensors and to synthesize new catalysts for the functional devices. Liu et al. [33] proved that alumina sol-gel was a suitable matrix to improve the immobilization of tyrosinase for detection of trace phenols. Titania is another kind of non-silica material easily obtained from the sol-gel process [34, 35], Luckarift et al. [36] introduced a new method for enzyme immobilization in a bio-mimetic silica support. In this biosilicification process precipitation was catalyzed by the R5 peptide, the repeat unit of the silaffin, which was identified from the diatom Cylindrotheca fusiformis. During the enzyme immobilization in biosilicification the reaction mixture consisted of silicic acid (hydrolyzed tetramethyl orthosilicate) and R5 peptide and enzyme. In the process of precipitation the reaction enzyme was entrapped and nm-sized biosilica-immobilized spheres were formed. Carturan et al. [11] developed a biosil method for the encapsulation of plant and animal cells. 

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