Embryonic lethality

Knockout mice Perinatally lethal Embryonic lethal No gross abnormalities15... 

Fak (focal adhesion kinase) is expressed in most tissues and is evolutionary conserved across species. It is activated by integrin clustering and by stimulation of several G protein-coupled recqrtors and RTKs. Fak is associated with focal adhesions and regulates cell spreading and migration. The kinase is essential for embryonic development since the homozygote Fak knockout is embryonic lethal. Pyk2 (proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2), the second member of the Fak kinase family has a more restricted expression pattern (primarily neuronal and hematopoietic cells) and does not localize to focal adhesions. 

D are summarized in Table I. Doses of 4 jug/kg/day or more produced maternal toxicity and 100% embryonic lethality. Two and 1 / g/kg/day treatments were also toxic for the mothers and resulted in reduced number of viable fetuses per litter and reduced fetal weights. Lower doses... 

Other gene mutations associated with placental development have been described that are not embryonic lethal but result in fetal growth retardation,... 

Murphy M, Stinnakre MG, Senamaud-Beaufort C et al 1997 Delayed early embryonic lethality following disruption of the murine cyclin A2 gene. Nat Genet 15 83—86 Nebreda AR, Hunt T 1993 The c-mos proto-oncogene protein kinase turns on and maintains the activity of MAP kinase, but not MPF, in cell-free extract of Xenopus oocytes and eggs. EMBO J 12 1979-1986... 

Campuzano etal., 1996) transport et at., 2000) 1981 Lamarche et ah, 1984 Rotig etal., 1997) neurodegeneration and cardiac myopathy embryonic lethality... 

H-ferritin Iron storage H-ferritin / mice (Ferreira et ah, 2000) Early embryonic lethality... 

Embryonic genome, random insertion of transgenes into, 12 454—459 Embryonic lethal, 12 460 Embryonic stem cells, gene transfer with, 12 457-459 Embryos... 

Montes de Oca Luna, R., D. S. Wagner, and G. Lozano, Rescue of early embryonic lethality in mdm2-deficient mice by deletion of p53. Nature, 1995, 378f6553 , 203-6. 

Ruiand, J., et al., p53 accumulation, defective cell proliferation, and early embryonic lethality in mice lacking tsglOl. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2001, 98(4), 1859-64. 

Williams, R.S., 2000, Cytochrome c deficiency causes embryonic lethality and attenuates stress-induced apoptosis. Cell 101 389-399. 

Ho, A., Wakeham, A, Itie, A., Khoo, W., Fukumoto, M., and Mak, T.W., 1998, High cancer susceptibility and embryonic lethality associated with mutation of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene in mice. Curr. Biol. S 1169-1178. 

Col4a1/a2 null mice are embryonic lethal at E10.5-11.5 basement membrane is not formed 59... 

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