Protein cationic

Basic (pH) proteins directed against pathogens. Examples are the major basic protein from mast cells, the eosinophilic cationic proteins from eosinophils, and defensins from epithelial cells and neutrophilic granulocytes. 

In most cases the microspheres were insoluble. The polysaccharides might be partially cross-linked via amido groups formed by the carboxyl groups of the polyanion and the restored free amino group of chitosan. The susceptibility to enzymatic hydrolysis by lysozyme was poor, mainly because lysozyme, a strongly cationic protein, can be inactivated by anionic polysaccharides [207]. 

Rak S. Lowhagen O, Venge P The effect of immunotherapy on bronchial hyperresponsiveness and eosinophil cationic protein in pollen-allergic patients. J Allergy Chn Immunol 1988 82 470-480. 

CAH Chronic active hepatitis CALLA Common lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen CALX Conjunctival associated lymphoid tissue CaM Calmodulin cAMP Cyclic adenosine monophosphate also knomt as adenosine 3, 5 -phosphate CAM CeU adhesion molecule CAP57 Cationic protein from neutrophils CAT Catalase CatG Cathepsin G... 

Wiktorowicz, J. E. and Colburn, J. C., Separation of cationic proteins via charge reversal in capillary electrophoresis, Electrophoresis, 11, 769, 1990. 

Although the order of affinity of PF-4 for different glycosaminogly-cans, and dissociation of their complexes with salts, are typical of nonspecific, electrostatic interactions, PF-4 is not strictly a cationic protein.452 It is probable that heparin binds to clusters of basic amino acids (two lysine pairs) near the carboxyl terminal of a polypeptide chain that has an overall preponderance of acidic amino acid residues.457 High-molecular-weight heparin species can bind two PF-4 molecules, with formation of complexes 10 to 100 times as strong as those with antithrombin.217... 

Raising the pi of macromolecules also can significantly alter the immune response toward them upon in vivo administration. Cationized proteins (those modified with diamines to increase their net charge or pi) are known to generate an increased immune response compared to their native forms (Muckerheide et al., 1987a, b Apple et al., 1988 Domen et al., 1987 Domen and Hermanson, 1992). The use of cationized BSA as a carrier protein for hapten conjugation can result in a dramatically higher antibody response toward a coupled hapten (Chapter 19). 

The following protocol using the carbodiimide EDC is an efficient way of modifying protein carboxylates with diamines to either increase the amount of amines present for further conjugation or to create a cationized protein having an increased net charge (Figure 1.90). Note that... 

Protein containing positively Cationized protein containing... 

While the majority of attention has focused on peptides contained within the nervous system, two other important methods for delivering peptides to the vicinity of the mast cell have been established (1) peptides produced and secreted by other cells of inflammation that may affect mast-cell function and (2) the local generation of mast-cell-active peptides by secreted enzymes acting on circulating protein precursors. Examples of the former include several, as yet ill-defined, peptide factors and cationic proteins from other immunocompetent cells [66-69], defined lymphokines such as the interleukin-1 [70] and interleukin-3 [71], and tumour necrosis factor [70], Examples of the latter include bradykinin [72] and a recently identified peptide produced by the action of acid proteinases on albumin [73, 74]. 

Without considering the aomplexity of additional interactions of phytate and Ca2+ with other polyvalent cations, proteins, and fiber, Figures 3 and 4 predict that the progressive elimination of bran in Table II lowers the concentration of soluble Ca2+. This effect is especially pronounced in the bread, where part of the remaining phytate was hydrolyzed by yeast phytase during leavening (Table II). These conclusions and their implications... 

Myeloperoxidase is a glycosylated, arginine-rich, extremely cationic protein with a relative molecular mass of 150 kDa, comprising two pairs of... 

Lysozyme is a 14.4-kDa cationic protein (pi > 10) with the ability to kill a wide range of Gram-positive bacteria. It is present in both azurophilic and specific granules of neutrophils and is also found in the granules of monocytes and macrophages, in blood plasma, tears, saliva and airway secretions. In human neutrophils it is present at 1.5-3 jug/106 cells. Since its discovery in 1922 by Fleming, it has been widely studied by protein biochemists, and its three-dimensional structure has been precisely defined. It exerts its ef-... 

Zeya, H., Spitznagel, J. K. (1966). Cationic proteins of polymorphonuclear leukocytes ... 

Other cellular components actively synthesised by neutrophils include a 3.1-kb mRNA encoding a serine-rich protein. This transcript encodes a 32-kDa protein that copurifies with the cytochrome b in some preparations of the oxidase from pig neutrophils. The protein becomes phosphorylated during cell activation its identity, however, is unknown. The biosynthesis of cationic proteins with relative molecular masses of 37 and 57 kDa (identified by one-dimensional PAGE) has also been observed in GM-CSF-treated neutrophils. 

Idzko M, Panther E, Bremer HC, Sorichter S, Luttmann W, Virchow CJ Jr, Di Virgilio F, Herouy Y, Norgauer J, Ferrari D Stimulation of P2 purinergic receptors induces the release of eosiuophil cationic protein and inter-leukin-8 from human eosinophils. Br J Pharmacol 2003 138 1244-1250. 

Histamine Prostagiandins Leucotrienes Cationic proteins Proteoiytic enzymes Serotonin... 

We have purified natural double-strand DNA from salmon testes, in which anionic DNA complexes with cationic proteins of protamine. After mincing salmon testes, the homogenized solution was treated with protease in order... 

Cui Z.R. and Mumper R.J., Coating of cationized protein on engineered nanoparticles results in enhanced immune responses, Int. J. Pharm., 238, 229, 2002. 

Henson P, Johnston R (1987) Tissue injury in inflammation, oxidants, proteinases and cationic proteins. J Clin Invest 79 669-674... 

The electrochemical approach discussed here relies on a number of special properties of indium tin-oxide (ITO) electrodes, which had been used in particular for spectroelectrochemistry since ITO is optically transparent and can be fabricated on glass [28, 29]. The first important attribute of ITO is the ability to access potentials up to about 1.4 V (all potentials versus SSCE) in neutral solution [29]. Second, ITO electrodes do not adsorb DNA appreciably [30], which could be anticipated from the ability of metal oxides to adsorb cationic proteins [31] polyanionic nucleic acids were therefore not expected to adsorb. This property makes ITO quite different from carbon, which allows access to relatively high potentials but strongly adsorbs DNA [32]. Third, the direct oxidation of guanine at ITO is extremely slow, even... 

Marine sulfated polysaccharides (MSPs), such as sulfated fucans (SFs), sulfated galactans (SGs), and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) isolated from invertebrate animals, are highly anionic polysaccharides capable of interacting with certain cationic proteins, such as... 

Eosinophils Weakly phagocytic, secrete cationic proteins, reactive reduced oxygen species, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, cytokinins... 

Macrophages Carry receptors for carbohydrates not normally exposed on surfaces of cells in vertebrates e.g., mannose kill engulfed organisms with 02 , HOC1, NO, cationic proteins and peptides, lysozyme Antigen processing and presentation... 

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